Root diseases

C. Keel, U. Schnider, M. Maurhofer, C. Voisard, J. Laville, P. Burger, D. Ha,ss, and G. Defago, Suppression of root diseases by Pseudomonas fluorescens CHAO importance of the bacterial secondary metabolite 2,4-diaceiylphloroglucinol, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 5 4 (1992). 

A. Rovira, M. Ryder and A, Harris, Biological control of root diseases with p.seu-domonads. Biological Control of Plant Diseases, (E. S. Tjamos, ed.). Plenum Press, New York. 1992, p. 175. 

Abawi GS, Widmer TL (2000) Impact of soil health management practices on soilbome pathogens, nematodes and root diseases of vegetable crops. Appl Soil Ecol 15 37-47... 

Hartz TK, Boble CR, Bender DA, Avila FA (1989) Control of pink root disease in onion using solarization and fumigation. J Am Soc Hort Sci 114 587-590 Hartz TK, DeVay JE, Elmore CL (1993) Solarization is an effective soil disinfestation technique for strawberry production. Hortscience 28 104—106 Hasing JE, Motsenbocker CE, Monlezun CJ (2004) Agroeconomic effect of soil solarization on fall-planted lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Sci Hort 101 223-233. doi 10.1016/j.scienta.2003.11.001 Hasson AM, Hassaballah T, Hussain R, Abbass L (1987) Effect of solar soil sterilization on nitrification in soil. J Plant Nutr 10 1805-1809... 

Porter IJ, Merriman PR (1983) Effect of solarization of soil on nematode and fungal pathogens at two sites in Victoria. Soil Biol Biochem 15 39-44 Porter IJ, Merriman PR (1985) Evaluation of soil solarization for control of root diseases of row crops in Victoria. Plant Pathol 34 108-118. doi 10.1111/j.l365-3059.1985.tb02767 x Porter IJ, Merriman PR, Keane PJ (1989) Integrated control of pink root (Pyrenochaeta terrestris) of onions by dazomet and soil solarization. Aus J Agric Res 40 861-869. doi 10.1071/ AR9890861... 

Theron JM, Donald DGM, Broembsen SL, Van der Merwe JA (1982) The effect of warm water treatment of Pinus radiata seedlings on mycorrhizae survival, root growth capacity and Phytophthora eradication. S Afr For J 123 31-35 Thomashow LS, Weller DM (1990) Application of fluorescent pseudomonads to control root diseases of wheat and some mechanisms of disease suppression. In Hornby D (ed) Biological control of plant pathogens. CABI, Wallingford, UK, pp 109-122... 

Poisoning does not destroy root disease fungi infecting roots of treated trees. It does hasten death of stumps and somewhat reduces chances of killed root infection. However, if stumps are left in the field and new trees are planted around them, root diseases will usually be increased about 50% in the new plantings over what would be ordinarily expected. Where root disease incidence is likely to be high, it is better to fell the trees before or ofter trees are poisoned, and remove the stumps from the field with as much dispatch as practical considerations allow. 

Stark, R. W., and F. W. Cobb, Jr. Smog injury, root diseases, and bark beetle damage in ponderosa pine. Calif. Agric. 23(9) 13-15. 1%9. 

Marx DH, Mycorrhizae and feeder root diseases, in Marks GC, KozlowskiTT (eds.), Ectomycorrhizae Their Ecology and Physiology, Academic Press, New York, NY 351-382, 1973. 

Root disease incidence and microbial community structure... 

In both the experimental study and the field surveys, foliar diseases were not important on irrigated tomatoes (mostly by furrow irrigation) in the semi-arid climate of California. Only occasionally, diseases such as bacterial spot Xanthomonas campestris) occurred when it rained early in the season (Clark etal. 1998). Virus symptoms were also seldom observed. There were no differences in foliar disease incidence and severity between organic and conventional farming systems. Root diseases were quite common and sometimes severe in conventional tomato fields, but were absent or only slight in low-input and organic fields. 

Professor Schwinn discussed new advances in the chemical control of plant parasitic Oomycetes and Peronosporales. Some of the most devastating foliar and root diseases are caused by these fungi, hut they are often not controlled by systemic fungicides which control... 

Fujimoto, D.K., Weller, D.M., Thomashow, L.S. Role of secondary metabolites in root disease suppression. In, Allelopathy organisms, processes and applications. Inderjit, K.M.M. Dakshini, Einhellig F.A., eds., ACS Symposium Series Washington, D.C. 1995 pp. 330-347. 

Sampangi R.K. Some recent advances in the study of fungal root diseases. Ind Phytopth 1989 22 1-17. Secilia J., Bagyaraj D.J. Bacteria and actinomycetes associated with pot cultures of vesicular arbuscular... 

The herbicides listed above represent both soil-applied herbicides (Glean and Treflan) and foliar-applied herbicides (Round-up, MCPA and Dicamba) and research with these herbicides has recently demonstrated an increase in root disease of several crops. Tottman and Thompson (57) showed that a mixture of dicamba 2,3,6, TBA, mecoprop and MCPA, and Mecoprop, loxynil and dicaoba alone increased the severity of take-all infection of roots. 

STRAWBERRIES AND RASPBERRIES. These are the most demanding in terms of soil requirements. They should be grown only on medium-heavy to light, free-draining soils. Areas with compaction or waterlogging are unsuitable. Reduced yields and root disease problems are unavoidable on unfavourable soils. Planting by the hill system is to be recommended if soil conditions are not entirely optimal. 

With most root diseases, you probably will notice secondary symptoms first. If some... 

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