Foliar fungicide

Foliar Fungicides and Bactericides. Of the - 70,000 t/yr as copper in compounds used in agriculture, almost 75% is used in the control of fungi (see Fungicides, agricultural). The first reference to the use of copper as a fungicide dates to 1761 (83) where copper sulfate was used on wheat seed for the control of bunt. In 1807 (84) the discovery of copper as a fungicide was made and the discovery of Bourdeaux mixture (copper sulfate plus lime) followed in 1882. 

Anilazine is a 1,3,5-triazine used as a foliar fungicide to control a broad range of fungal pathogens in vegetables, turf, wheat, coffee and ornamentals. 

A number of organophosphorus esters are fungicidal, but structurally they have little in common. Triamiphos (65) (B-77MI10707), an early systemic fungicide, incorporates the bis(dimethylamino)phosphoryl moiety, but the activity of pyrazophos (66) (B-77MI1708) is almost certainly due to the pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidin-2-one parent. Ditalimfos (67) (65BEP661891) is a foliar fungicide of very low mammalian toxicity. 

Methylpiperidino)propyl-3,4-dichlorobenzoate. tradenamed Pi-pron, is a foliar fungicide for the control of powdery mildew ... 

The imidazole derivative, prochloraz, has a peculiar feature compared to the azole derivatives. The nitrogen atom in the 1-position of the imidazole is bonded to a carbamoyl group and not to alkyl. This compound, which is regarded as a tetrasubstituted urea, has a very broad spectrum and can be used in cereals both as a seed dressing and a foliar fungicide (9). 

Until about ten years ago, protectant foliar fungicides (such as ethylene bis-dithiocarbamates and phthalimides) and soil sterilants (such as vapam or methylbromide) were the only chemical means of controlling diseases caused by Oomycetes. These compounds are nonspecific biocides affecting many vital cell processes of both the pathogen and the host plant. This means that they are non-selective,... 

Nuarimol (Gauntlet ) [169] is a systemic foliar fungicide introduced in 1980 by Dow Elanco for the control of Cercosporella spp., Septoria spp., Ustilago spp., powdery mildew, and other fungi in cereals. 

Systemic foliar fungicide with translocation acropetally in the xylem... 

Captan (72), an example of the N-trichloromethanesulfenyl fungicides, is a useful protective foliar fungicide and seed dressing. It is prepared from butadiene and maleic anhydride (see Chapter 9, p. 151). The fungicidal activity arises from interaction with cellular thiols to give thiophosgene, which is probably the ultimate toxicant (Scheme 15). 

Silylmethyltriazoles represent a new, highly active class of triazole fungicides, whose success in a wide variety of crops and climatic conditions confirms the utility of organosilicon compounds as agrichemicals. This paper describes their discovery, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships. Based on the results of worldwide field evaluations, some of which are presented, a member of this class, DPX-H6573, is being developed as a broad spectrum foliar fungicide. 

Tests such as these, along with extensive field evaluation worldwide, led to the selection of DPX-H6573 for development as a foliar fungicide. 

A number of changes took place in the Sixties that will influence the marketing of agricultural chemicals in the Seventies among them are the expansion of the number of producers, many of whom are in both pesticides and fertilizers, the decline in the number of farms and the increasing size of the farm enterprise the expansion of services to the farmer by retail outlets. Opportunities in the product area include selective systemics to replace products that have become ineffective, new systemic soil nematocides, new systemic foliar fungicides for cereals and fruits. Sales of basic toxicants at the manufacturers9 level will reach 700 million in 1968, over 1 billion by the mid-Seventies. 

New systemic foliar fungicides for disease control on cereals and fruits. 

Ziram has principal uses as an accelerator in the process of rubber vulcanization and as a protective foliar fungicide for fruit nuts, vines vegetables and ornamental plants. It was introduced ca. 1931 as a fungicide [30]. 

Environment, the cultivar, infection by other pathogens, and foliar fungicides determine seed infection by P. longicolla. Warm, wet weather favors infection of the pod... 

Tenne, F.D. J.B. Sinclair. Control of internally seedborne micro-organisms of soybean wirh foliar fungicides in Puerto Rico. Plant Dis. Reporter 1978, 62, 459-463. 

Fenpiclonil (1) was the first phenylpyrrole fungicide developed by Ciba-Geigy for seed treatment [14]. Two years later fludioxonil (2) was developed as a foliar fungicide [15] and for seed treatment [16]. 

Fludioxonil was introduced in 1990 as a foliar fungicide and for seed treatment [15, 16]. It provides broad-spectrum activity across all fungal classes except oomy-cetes, especially against species of the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, MonMnia, Pmicillium and Botrytis cinerea. Table 15.2.2 gives an overview of the in vitro activity spectrum of fludioxonil. 

Folicur but is used nowadays in a multitude of crops such as peanuts, bananas and soybeans as a foliar fungicide as well as in cereal seed treatment (Raxil ). 

Fluquinconazole, a quinazoline-based triazole fungicide, was introduced to the public in 1992 [76] (Table 17.17). When used as a foliar fungicide fluquinconazole is particularly active against pome fruit diseases such as Venturia inaequalis and Podosphaera leucotricha. Other diseases controlled include powdery mildews, Mon-ilinia spp., Cercospora spp., rusts. 

Environmental Pract. nontoxic to fish and birds Uses Foliar fungicide seed treatment Regulatory SARA reportable... 

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