Hyacinth water

The chemical characteristics of biomass vary over a broad range because of the many different types of species. Table 8 compares the typical analyses and energy contents of land- and water-based biomass, ie, wood, grass, kelp, and water hyacinth, and waste biomass, ie, manure, urban refuse, and primary sewage sludge, with those of cellulose, peat, and bituminous coal. Pure cellulose, a representative primary photosynthetic product, has a carbon content of... 

Liao, S.W. and Chang, N.L., Heavy metal phytoremediation by water hyacinth at constructed wetlands in Taiwan, Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, 42, 60-68, 2004. 

Jayaweera, M.W., Kasturiarachchia, J.C., Kularatnea, R.K.A., and Wijeyekoon, S.L.J., Contribution of water hyacinth (Eichhomia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) grown under different nutrient conditions to Fe-removal mechanisms in constructed wetlands, Journal of Environmental Management, 87 (3), 450-460, 2008. 

Gude, S.M. and Das, S.N., Adsorption of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions by chemically treated water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes, Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 15 (1), 12-18, 2008. 

Water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes from sewage lagoon in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi Leaves 70.0 DW 2... 

Chigbo, F.E., R.W. Smith, and F.L. Shore. 1982. Uptake of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury from polluted waters by the water hyacinth Eichhomia crassipes. Environ. Pollut. 27A 31-36. 

Adverse effects of cyanide on aquatic plants are unlikely at concentrations that cause acute effects to most species of freshwater and marine fishes and invertebrates (USEPA 1980 Eisler 1991). Water hyacinth (Eichhorinia crassipes) can survive for at least 72 h in nutrient solution containing up to 300 mg CN/L and can accumulate up to 6.7 g/kg DW plant material. On this basis, 1 ha of water hyacinths has the potential to absorb 56.8 kg of cyanide in 72 h, and this property may be useful in reducing the level of cyanide in untreated wastewater from various... 

Low, K.S. and C.K. Lee. 1981. Cyanide uptake by water hyacinths, Eichhomia crassipes (Mart) Solms. Pertanika 42 122-128. 

Martyn RD, Samuelson DA, Freeman TB. Ultrastructural localization of polyphenol oxidase activity in leaves of healthy and disease water hyacinth. Phytopathology 1979 69 1278-1287. 

Water Hyacinth. Water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes Solms) has been killed by 0.1% solution of the alkanolamine salt of 2,4-D in Indonesia (54), or in the Philippines by the isopropyl ester in as low as 0.1% solutions (39). In the southern United States, 2,4-D has been widely used to kill this plant. This plant is of relatively minor importance in Puerto Rico. It tends to choke up river mouths and is removed to improve drainage. A single application of the isopropyl ester of 2,4-D has given excellent results on a small scale. 

The water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes originates from Brazil, and although it represents one of the most troublesome and invasive of water weeds, it is also one of the best phytoremediants of polluted water. The biomass becomes saturated with pollutants, which can then be removed from the water by harvest of the biomass and its composting, a process which achieves a substantial reduction in the mass requiring further processing (e.g., incineration under controlled conditions). The species is highly susceptible to frost, but in frost-free environments, its introduction is risky as it can readily become uncontrollable. 

Aquatic plants Algae, water weed, water hyacinth, reed and rushes... 

Attached-growth waste stabilization ponds have been used to remove 65-70% TKN (total Kjeldahl nitrogen), and 70-83% NH3-N from concentrated latex and rubber sheet plant wastewaters [8]. A combined algae and water hyacinth system has been used to remove 96.41% COD, 98.93% TKN, 99.28% NH3-N, 100% NO2-N, and 100% NO3-N [9]. 

Once the allelopathlc potential of water hyacinth was demonstrated in laboratory assays, we decided to study the effect of this plant upon the agricultural production and growth of weeds in a chinampa where turnip, radish, lettuce, and cabbage were cultivated. 

Figure 6 shows that all plots with water hyacinth exhibited a higher crop yield than the other treatments. This was mainly due to ... 

Leaves and whole plants added to the soil caused the greatest inhibitions to weeds in turnip, radish, and cabbage plots (Figure 7). This effect might be due to 1) a selective allelopathlc effect of water hyacinth and vegetables upon weeds, and/or 2) competition with crops. Water hyacinth has been widely used as a fertilizer in the chinampas because it improves the physical and chemical properties of soil and it exerts a certain control of weeds through itsdecomposition in the soil. 

I Water hyacinth (rhizome and root) I Water hyacinth (leaf and hulh)... 

Eichhornia crassipes water hyacinth water hyacinth... 

The alteichin-induced lesions resemble those caused by A. eichorniae on water hyacinth. 

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