Glass making

The surface conductivity of glass makes long creeping distances necessary. 

Dictionary of Glass-Making (EngHsh, French, German), International Commission on Glass, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., New York, 1983. 

Medium 20,000-50,000 4 Acrylic resins, plastics, PVC, ammonium chloride, DMT, copper compounds, lead Ferroalloys, fluorspar, nickel Iron, potash, glass-making mixtures... 

Transparent polyethylene can be also applied to the protection of window glass against aggressive media, e.g., the effect of hydrogen fluoride on the plants producing superphosphate fertilizers. The use of transparent polyethylene film for window glass makes it possible to cut down on the heat losses due to the lower thermal conductance of polyethylene as compared to glass. 

The neutral glasses are generally less resistant than the hard borosilicate type, but are more easily melted and shaped. They are formulated so that the pH of aqueous solutions is unaffected by contact with the glass, making it particularly suitable in pharmaceutical use for the storage of pH-sensitive drugs. 

Turner, W. E. S. (1959), Studies in ancient glasses and glass-making processes (VI) The composition and physical characteristics of the glass of the Portland vase, /. Soc. Glass Technol. 43, T262-T284. 

The physical effects induced by ultrasound are also equally interesting. The removal of iron coating by ultrasonic irradiation, from the surface of silica sand used in glass making was found to be an improvement in the electrostatic separation... 

Roman and later period may have been very limited, and confined to places in the Near East where there is a good supply of natron and suitable sand (Freestone et al., 2008). In the absence of any archaeological evidence, however, the actual locations of any major sites of Roman glass making remain unknown - a fact which, given the ubiquity of glass in the Roman empire, is little short of astonishing. 

Today, soda-lime glass makes up almost 90% of all glass manufactured and finds its applications in window glass and hottle production. 

Adding copper(l) chloride to the molten glass makes the process reversible. When light intensity diminishes, copper ions remove electrons from silver atoms, converting the silver atoms into silver ions. The silver ions then migrate back to the silver chloride crystals. The glass becomes transparent again. 

Environmental the reduction of weight compared to glass makes plastics environment friendly. 

Why is simple sand that is found at the beach not used in glass making ... 

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