Sodium lactate, preparation

Lactic acid is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for multipurpose food use. Lactate salts such as calcium and sodium lactates and esters such as ethyl lactate used in pharmaceutical preparations are also considered safe and nontoxic (7). The U.S. Food and Dmg Administration fists lactic acid (all isomers) as GRAS and sets no limitations on its use in food other than current good manufacturing practice (46). 

Methylsuccinic acid has been prepared by the pyrolysis of tartaric acid from 1,2-dibromopropane or allyl halides by the action of potassium cyanide followed by hydrolysis by reduction of itaconic, citraconic, and mesaconic acids by hydrolysis of ketovalerolactonecarboxylic acid by decarboxylation of 1,1,2-propane tricarboxylic acid by oxidation of /3-methylcyclo-hexanone by fusion of gamboge with alkali by hydrog. nation and condensation of sodium lactate over nickel oxide from acetoacetic ester by successive alkylation with a methyl halide and a monohaloacetic ester by hydrolysis of oi-methyl-o -oxalosuccinic ester or a-methyl-a -acetosuccinic ester by action of hot, concentrated potassium hydroxide upon methyl-succinaldehyde dioxime from the ammonium salt of a-methyl-butyric acid by oxidation with. hydrogen peroxide from /9-methyllevulinic acid by oxidation with dilute nitric acid or hypobromite from /J-methyladipic acid and from the decomposition products of glyceric acid and pyruvic acid. The method described above is a modification of that of Higginbotham and Lapworth. ... 

Lactic acid, QH C, is a weak organic acid present in both sour milk and buttermilk. It is also a product of carbohydrate metabolism and is found in the blood after vigorous muscular activity. A buffer is prepared by dissolving lactic acid, HLac (ffa = 1.4 X 10-4), and sodium lactate, NaC3H503, NaLac. Calculate [H+] and the pH of the buffer if it is made of... 

Lactic acid is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for multipurpose food use. Lactate salts such as calcium and sodium lactates and esters such as ethyl lactate used in pharmaceutical preparations are also considered safe and nonloxic. 

Ciprofloxacin intravenous infusion is a sterile solution of ciprofloxacin lactate (prepared by the interaction of ciprofloxacin and lactic acid) in sodium chloride intravenous infusion solution. 

Properties White, odorless powder. Very soluble in water with practically neutral reaction. Lithium lactate is nonhygroscopic and stable, whereas sodium lactate can be prepared in solution only. 

Mathematical Calculate the pH of a buffer solution prepared by mixing 25 mL of 1.0 M lactic acid and 75 mL of 1.0 M sodium lactate. 

Potentiometric LacOH titrations were carried out in aqueous NaCl and KCl solutions at 298.15 K. To avoid. .. dimerisation of LacOH by ester formation, lactic acid was prepared in situ in the titration vessel at the beginning of each titration by adding equivalent amounts of sodium lactate (NaLacO) and hydrochloric acid. The solutions titrated were prepared by mixing a volume of 10.00 cm of the NaLacO solution, 10.00 cm of... the HCl solutions, 100.0 cm of a salt solution (NaCl or KCl) and 25.00 cm ... 

Vaginal solutions usually contain active substances dissolved in water and are intended for a local effect. The Ph. Eur. describes solutions as well as emulsions and suspensions. Only solutions are seen in pharmacy practice and just occasionally such as lactic acid solutions, with or without sodium lactate, iodinated povidone (povidone-iodine) solutions and chlorhexidine digluconate solutions. Accordingly, this chapter discusses the solutions only. Solutions may be prepared either ready-for-use, or as a concentrate to be diluted before use, or as a tablet to be dissolved in water shortly before use. 

Co, Mo and Pd [7], In addition, the activity of the Pd catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of sodium lactate to pyruvate was improved by the addition of Te [8], Recently, sihca-coated Pt-Co alloys and Pt-Pd alloys covered with silica layers were prepared and used as catalysts for ethylene decomposition to form CNTs [6], The structure of the graphene that forms the walls of the CNTs was different for the two catalysts. This result indicates that the nanoscale carbon structure formed by hydrocarbon decomposition was influenced by the type of metal species in the silica-coated metal alloys. Therefore, further research on the hydrocarbon decomposition of sihca-coated alloys using other metal species is needed because it is possible to develop nanocomposites using the silica-coated metal alloy catalyst and nanoscale carbon structures. 

The purified commercial di-n-butyl d-tartrate, m.p. 22°, may be used. It may be prepared by using the procedure described under i o-propyl lactate (Section 111,102). Place a mixture of 75 g. of d-tartaric acid, 10 g. of Zeo-Karb 225/H, 110 g. (136 ml.) of redistilled n-butyl alcohol and 150 ml. of sodium-dried benzene in a 1-litre three-necked flask equipped with a mercury-sealed stirrer, a double surface condenser and an automatic water separator (see Fig. Ill, 126,1). Reflux the mixture with stirring for 10 hours about 21 ml. of water collect in the water separator. FUter off the ion-exchange resin at the pump and wash it with two 30-40 ml. portions of hot benzene. Wash the combined filtrate and washings with two 75 ml. portions of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, followed by lOu ml. of water, and dry over anhydrous magnesium sulphate. Remove the benzene by distillation under reduced pressure (water pump) and finally distil the residue. Collect the di-n-butyl d-tartrate at 150°/1 5 mm. The yield is 90 g. 

Chelated complexes such as sodium zirconium lactate [15529-67-6] or ammonium zirconium carbonate [22829-17-0] and acidic forms such as zirconium hydroxy oxide chloride [18428-88-1] have been used in preparations in deodorants or for treatment for poison oak and poison ivy dermatitis. In such occasions, when the skin had been cut or abraded, a few users developed granulomas which have been identified as a delayed hypersensitivity to zirconium (99). These may take several weeks to develop, and commonly persist for 6 months to over a year. 

S)-Ethyl lactate, [other chemicals employed in this procedure were obtained from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. Anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was prepared by distillation under argon from sodium benzophenone ketyl. 

IV infusion (20 or 40 mg) over 10 to 30 minutes A solution for IV infusion is prepared by first reconstituting the contents of 1 vial with 5 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride injection, lactated Ringer s injection, or 5% dextrose injection, and further diluting the resulting solution to a final volume of 50 ml. The solution (admixture) should be administered as an IV infusion over a period of 10 to 30 minutes. 

Metabolic blood parameters are assayed in anesthetized male rats using a modified method of glucose clamp studies in rodents (Terrettaz and Jeanrenaud 1983). Four to 6 rats per group (vehicle control and one dose of the candidate compound) are used. Rats are anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium (60 mg/kg), tracheotomized, and one jugular vein per rat is cannulated for intravenous infusion the other vein is prepared for collection of blood samples. Anesthesia is maintained for up to 7 hours by subcutaneous infusion of pentobarbital sodium (adjusted to the anesthetic depth of the individual animal about 24 mg/kg/h). Body temperature is monitored with a rectal probe thermometer, and temperature is maintained at 37 °C by means of a heated surgical table. Blood samples for glucose analysis (10 il) are obtained from the tip of the tail every 15 minutes, and for lactate analysis (20 p.1) every... 

When solutions of lactates are acidified with sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate TS (0.1 AO is added, and the mixture is heated, acetaldehyde is evolved. This can be detected by allowing the vapor to come into contact with a filter paper that has been moistened with a freshly prepared mixture of equal volumes of 20% aqueous morpholine and sodium nitroferricyanide TS. A blue color is produced. 

---