Lactate salt

ALKANOLAMINES - ALKANOLAMINESFROMNITROALCOHOLS] (Vol2) -esters of lactate salts [HYDROXYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS] (Vol 13)... 

Lactic acid is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for multipurpose food use. Lactate salts such as calcium and sodium lactates and esters such as ethyl lactate used in pharmaceutical preparations are also considered safe and nontoxic (7). The U.S. Food and Dmg Administration fists lactic acid (all isomers) as GRAS and sets no limitations on its use in food other than current good manufacturing practice (46). 

Chitosan acetate and lactate salt films have been tested as wound-healing materials. Mechanical, bioadhesive and biological evaluation of the films were carried out. The results were compared to Omiderm . Chitosan lactate exhibited a lower tensile strength, however, it was more flexible and bioadhesive than chitosan acetate. Chitosan lactate and Omiderm did not cause any allergic reactions in contrast, chitosan acetate produced skin irritation clearly due to the anion. Nevertheless, no sign of toxicity was encountered when the extracts of three preparations were administered parenterally [244]. 

ADR Costartcode Flunarizine diHCI Fluoxetine HCI Mibefradil Nicardipine HCI Pinaverium Bromide Prenylamine Lactate Salt Raloxifene... 

Lactic acid is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for multipurpose food use. Lactate salts such as calcium and sodium lactates and esters such as ethyl lactate used in pharmaceutical preparations are also considered safe and nonloxic. 

The forms of pentazocine recognized by the U.S.P. include pentazocine base, hydrochloride and lactate salts in the following formulations (1,3,4). 

Ciprofloxacin is commercially available as the monohydrate phase of its hydrochloride salt, and has been formulated for oral and ophthalmic administration. The compound has also been developed as the lactate salt for use in intravenous administration [3]. 

Biperiden hydriKhluride has all uf the actions described fur biperiden. The hydrochlurtde is used for tablets becau.se it is better. suited to this do.sage furm than is the lactate salt. As with the free base and the lactate. salt, xerostumia (dryness of the mouth) and blurred vision may occur. 

Biological production of lactic acid is complicated primarily due to economical considerations arising from product inhibition and the required downstream processing of dilute aqueous product streams. The standard method of biological lactic acid production is the anaerobic fermentation by Lactobacillus in a batch reactor [7]. The conventional process requires the base to be added to the reactor to control the pH and the use of calcium carbonate to precipitate the lactate. This process produces a lactate salt that must be acidified (usually by sulfuric acid) to recover the lactic acid, with calcium sulfate as an undesirable by-product. 

The lactate salt provided a slightly lower endo/exo selectivity than the corresponding triflate or tetrafluoroborate salts whereas the reaction rate, determined in [bmim][lactate], was between those characterizing the other two salts. Unfortunately, no enantioselectivity was observed for this cycloaddition process when performed in the chiral lactate salt. Lactates have been no more synthesized for long time. 

Unfortunately, the predicted values for solubility and those experimentally determined do not always correlate well because the effect of pH on solubility is often complicated by other factors. This was clearly illustrated during a study on the solubility of salts of a poorly soluble and weakly basic experimental antimalarial dmg. The solubility of the DL-lactate salt was shown to be 200 times greater than the hydrochloride (see Table 37.5) and twice that of the L-lactate, suggesting that the OL-lactate could provide a route to a parenteral formulation. 

A choice of salts can also expand the formulation options for a material. The antimalarial agent a-(2-piperidyl)-3,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-9-phenanthrene-methanol hydrochloride (Fig. 9) exhibited poor solubility, was delivered as an oral formulation, and required a single dosing of 750 mg (13). Seven salts and the free base were evaluated. The lactate salt was found to be 200 times as soluble as the hydrochloride salt (Table 3). This enhanced solubility would make it possible to reduce the oral dose to achieve the same therapeutic response as well as develop a parenteral formulation for the treatment of malaria. However, the case of lidocaine hydrochloride (Fig. 14) demonstrates that a compound limited to parenteral and topical formulations can be expanded to oral administration by changing to a salt form with acceptable physical properties (16). The hydrochloride salt was hygroscopic, difficult to prepare, and hard to handle. Six salts were evaluated for salt formation, solubility, and hygroscopicity. Other salts, such as phosphate, exhibited properties acceptable for dry pharmaceutical dosage forms. 

Variety Dry matter Fat Protein Lactose (lactate) Salt Ca (mg/100 g) pH... 

Milrinone (Phmacor as Lactate Salt) and Inamrinone (Inocor as Lactate Salt)... 

In order to facilitate the production of PLA on a megaton scale, as suited for a commodity plastic, it is imperative to focus on alternative production routes to LA, as this is clearly the largest cost factor for producing PLA. The main reason for this cost is displayed in Fig. 4 as well the fermentation is a slow and laborious process, which requires continuous pH buffering with alkali, ending up with dilute Ca-lactate salt in water. To release LA from this salt, acid work-up with H2SO4, viz. the acidification step in Fig. 4, is needed but leads to the production of CaS04 in quantities up to 1 ton... 

Major product Alkyl lactates Ca-lactate salt... 

The purification step is the most important in the commercial production of lactic acid, which needs to meet the quality standards requirements for specific applications. The conventional fermentation process produces lactate salt, as result of pH neutralization, that must be precipitated and reacidified by a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid. " ... 

Pationic, Glycerol esters and lactate salts, American Ingredients Co., Patco Polymer Additives Div. 

Electrochemical Splitting of a Neutral Lactate Salt. Numerous articles have described the splitting of a lactate salt, notably sodium lactate, into lactic acid and the original base [64]. With this principle, a gypsum-free process can be designed, with electrodialysis... 

Chemical Salt Splitting of a Lactate Salt. Lactate salts can be split with the help of auxiliary chemicals and the regeneration of these chemicals. A patent by Baniel et al., for example, describes a method in which a sodium lactate solution is acidified with CO2 under pressure, and simultaneously undissociated lactic acid is extracted and insoluble sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOs) is formed [65]. 

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