Aqueous NaCl

KCIO3. Not very soluble in water, deposited from chlorate(V) solutions (CI2 plus Ca(OH)2 or electrolysis of aqueous NaCl). On heating gives KCl and KCIO4 but decomposes to KCl at high temperatures. 

Assume is -25 mV for a certain silica surface in contact with O.OOlAf aqueous NaCl at 25°C. Calculate, assuming simple Gouy-Chapman theory (a) at 200 A from the surface, (b) the concentrations of Na and of Cr ions 10 A from the surface, and (c) the surface charge density in electronic charges per unit area. 

Figure C2.3.8. Self-diffusion coefficients at 45°C for AOT ( ), water ( ) and decane ( ) in ternary AOT, brine (0.6% aqueous NaCl) and decane microemulsion system as a function of composition, a. This compositional parameter, a, is tire weight fraction of decane relative to decane and brine. Reproduced by pennission from figure 3 of [46].

Figure C2.3.18. Vibronic peak fluorescence intensity ratio (III/I) as a function of SDS concentration for 0.1 % PEO solutions o, —35 000 Daltons —600 000 Daltons). Open symbols are for aqueous solution without added salt, and filled symbols are for 100 mM aqueous NaCl. Reproduced with pennission from figure 2 of [111].

Conversion of aqueous NaCl to Cl and NaOH is achieved in three types of electrolytic cells the diaphragm cell, the membrane cell, and the mercury cell. The distinguishing feature of these cells is the manner by which the electrolysis products are prevented from mixing with each other, thus ensuring generation of products having proper purity. 

Acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-l-oxyl (acetamidoTEMPO) [14691-89-5] M 213.3, m 144-146, 146-147. Dissolve in CH2CI2. wash with saturated K2CO3, then saturated aqueous NaCl, dry (Na2S04>, filter and evaporate. The red solid is recrystd fi om aqueous MeOH, m 147.5°. [J Org Chem 56 6110 1991 , Bull Acad Sci USSR. Div Chem Set 15 1422 7966.]... 

Ethyl hromoacetate [105-36-2] M 167.0, h 158-158.5 /758mm, d 1.50, n 1.450. Washed with saturated aqueous Na2C03 (three times), 50% aq CaCl2 (three times) and saturated aqueous NaCl (twice). Dried with MgS04, CaCl2 or CaC03, and distd. LACHRYMATORY. 

Isobutyl formate [542-55-2] M 102.1, b 98.4°, d 0.885, n 1.38546. Washed with saturated aqueous NaHC03 in the presence of saturatedd NaCl, until no further reaction occurred, then with saturated aqueous NaCl, dried (MgS04) and fractionally distd. 

Dibenzyl-14-crown-4 (lithium ionophore VI 6,6-dibenzyl-l,4,8,ll-tetra-oxa-cyclo-tetradecane) [106868-21-7] M 384.5, m 102-103°. Dissolve in CHCI3, wash with saturated aqueous NaCl, dry with MgSOa, evaporate and purify by chromatography on silica gel and gradient elution with C6Hg-MeOH followed by preparative reverse phase HPLC on an octadecyl silanised silica (ODS) column and eluting with MeOH. It can be crystd from MeOH (v Br 120 cm , C-O-C). [7 Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1945 1986.]... 

Triphenyl phosphite [101-02-0] M 310.3, b 181-189 /lmni, d 1.183. Its ethereal soln was washed succesively with aqueous 5% NaOH, distilled water and saturated aqueous NaCl, then dried with Na2S04 and distilled under vacuum after evaporadng the diethyl ether. 

FIG. 8 Density profiles in a 4 m aqueous NaCl solution at 25°C. The semi-permeable membranes are at about 5 and 15 [25]. 

Solutions introduced directly into the bloodstream have to be isotonic with blood that is, they must have the same osmotic pressure as blood. An aqueous NaCl solution has to be 0.90% by mass to be isotonic with blood. What is the molarity of sodium ions in solution Take the density of the solution to be 1.00 g/mL. 

Chlorine is prepared by the electrolysis of molten NaCl or of aqueous NaCl. 

Fig. 5. Influence of pressure on swelling of two samples of partly ionized PAAm hydrogels in 0.01 N aqueous NaCl solution solid curve — uniaxial, dashed curves — isotropic swelling as obtained by calculation. Points on the y-axis correspond to the free swelling. From Dubrovskii etal. [22]...

Tests were performed at 75°C using a University of Texas Model 500 spinning drop tensiometer. Active surfactant concentration in the aqueous phase prior to oil addition was 0.50% wt. The Kem River crude oil was from the Patricia Lease. The pH of the deionized water surfactant solutions was 8. The pH of the aqueous NaCl surfactant solutions was 9.5 unless otherwise noted. values represent the average deviation of two or three measurements at different times (0.75-1 h apart). D.I., deionized. 

Trans-4-Octene oxide 1885 (1.2 mmol), then hexamethyldisilane 857 (1.8 mmol) in 5 mL HMPA, are added, at 65 °C under argon, to 0.2 mmol potassium methox-ide in 10 mL anhydrous HMPA. After 3 h stirring at 65 °C and cooHng to room temperature saturated aqueous NaCl solution is added to the reaction mixture, which is then extracted with pentane. The pentane extracts are combined and dried with Na2S04 and analyzed by vapor phase chromatography (VPC) to reveal the formation of 99% cis 4-octene 1887 [103] (Scheme 12.71). 

Pii-8, like Pii-5, is designed to self-assemble at high pH. Comparable shifts in properties were found when studying Pn-8 solutions in 130 mM NaCl (Fig. 12). The p-sheet to random coil transition is lowered by 3 pD units and the pD range over which it forms nematic gels is extended down to pD 8.5 in aqueous NaCl... 

Investigations of the solubilization of water and aqueous NaCl solutions in mixed reverse micellar systems formed with AOT and nonionic surfactants in hydrocarbons emphasized the presence of a maximum solubilization capacity of water, occurring at a certain concentration of NaCl, which is significantly influenced by the solvent used [132],... 

Silver salts demonstrate how complexation enhances solubility. Figure 18-13 shows that silver will precipitate or dissolve in aqueous solution depending on the species that are present. Starting with a solution of silver nitrate, addition of aqueous NaCl causes AgCl to precipitate ... 

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