Serum lipid values

Serum lipid values are shown in Table VII. There were no significant effects of either dietary fat or manganese on serum cholesterol levels during the experimental periods. However, total cholesterol levels tended to be lower when the MF diet was fed than when the UF diet was used (P<0.10). 

Based on a set of baseline serum lipid values, propose a rational drug treatment regimen. 

Average Serum Lipid Values of Baboons Fed Special Diets... 

The failure to find an effect in the American trial above was confirmed in a study conducted in the Netherlands, which also used paper-filtered, drip-brewed coffee.14 In that 12-week experiment, 23 women and 22 men who habitually drank 4 to 6 cups of coffee per day were assigned to consume 5 cups/day of either caffeinated (417.5 mg caffeine/day) or decaffeinated coffee (15.5 mg caffeine/day) for six weeks, and then switch for another six weeks. The blend of coffee beans was 71% Arabica and 29% Robusta for the caffeinated coffee, and 58% Arabica and 42% Robusta for the decaffeinated coffee. Lipid values at the end of both six-week study periods were almost identical. Total cholesterol was 5.47 vs. 5.48 mmol/ L (212 vs. 212 mg/dL), LDL-C was 3.41 vs. 3.40 mmol/L (132 vs. 131 mg/ dL), HDL-C was 1.52 vs. 1.52 mmol/L (59 vs. 59 mg/dL), and TG were 1.17 vs. 1.20 mmol/L (104 vs. 106 mg/dL) for the caffeinated vs decaffeinated coffee periods, respectively. Further, a small study of 12 Finnish men also failed to find an effect of caffeinated coffee on serum cholesterol levels.15 However, the study period was only three weeks which may have been insufficient. 

Routine methods. In most cases, lipid and lipoprotein measurements can be made using specimens of either serum or plasma. Measurements in EDTA plasma can be converted to serum-equivalent values using the following equation ... 

Disturbances in lipid metabolism also may occur, resulting in transitory increase of blood values for cholesterol and triglycerides. Liver function and serum lipids should initially be monitored, typically at baseline and at weeks 4 and 8. Serious adverse effects of isotretinoin therapy include increased creatine phosphokinase and blood glucose, as well as photosensitivity, pseudotumor cerebri, excess granulation tissue, hepatomegaly with abnormal liver function tests, bone abnormalities, arthralgias, muscle stiffness, and headaches. ... 

From 1952 to 1962, several experimental studies using rats fed a choline-deficient diet reported the development of aortic arteriosclerosis.171-173 Using rats fed a choline-deficient diet, Sidransky et al.174 reported that elevated (2%) dietary tryptophan affected the elevated serum lipid levels of rats fed the choline-deficient diet for 1 week. Within 1 week the added dietary tryptophan to the choline-deficient diet caused a return in serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride values to levels present in rats fed the choline-supplemented diet. The significance of the alterations in serum lipids due to added dietary tryptophan was unknown, but it stressed that a specific amino acid (L-tryptophan) excess created a further nutritional imbalance, which could influence the altered circulating serum lipids due to choline deficiency. The alterations in serum lipid due to choline deficiency were thought to influence the development of arteriosclerosis in the rat, and possibly the added dietary tryptophan was able to prevent the effect. Further experimental studies are needed to determine whether this speculation was valid. 

In a study by Lancranjan et al. (1972), 109 workers exposed to carbon disulfide for 7-31 years were examined for thyroid function. A group of 40 workers served as controls. The exposure concentrations varied from 19 to 29 ppm and from 72 to 96 ppm. The study authors concluded that carbon disulfide did not induce thyroid alterations or disorders of lipid metabolism. In another study, the effect of long-term exposure to carbon disulfide (10-36 years) was studied in 15 exposed and 16 age-matched controls (Wagar et al. 1981). The exposure levels ranged from 10 to 51 ppm. No disturbance was noted in either thyroid function or serum prolactin values. Serum cortisol was also unchanged. 

Pazderova-Vejlupkova et al. ig ) studied 55 exposed workers 10 years after their illnesses began. Most workers health had improved. Their serum lipid levels did not significantly differ from those of the controls. Their serum alpha and gamma globulins had normalized, but elevated mean values of total blood protein were still present. Increased concentrations of porphryins were no longer present in urine, skin mainfestations normally seen with porphyria cutanea tarda were rare, and results of liver function tests had improved. In the liver biopsies, even for the most severe forms of poisoning, only mild steatosis or periportal fibrosis were noted. 

Reproducibility of our HPLC method for lipoprotein analysis is excellent. The elution volume Is reproducible within 0.01 ml for each lipoprotein peak in the case of the individual lipoproteins or serum lipid monitoring system. Reproducibility of the concentration of lipid in each lipoprotein class obtained as described in Section 5 is very high. The standard deviation from the mean value for each lipoprotein fraction was 0.1 to 0.4 mg/dl, and the coefficient of variation (Cv) is less than 2 % for the concentration of PL as presented in Table 3. 

The normal blood-lipid values, as measured in plasma or serum, vary with age, sex and environmental factors. The upper normal hmit (percentile 90) of two age groups may be exemplified for a male population as shown [35] Similar values have been reported in various western countries, including the United States. 

Normal Values for Fatty Acid Composition of Serum Lipids... 

Kesteloot et al. (1989) studied serum lipid levels in a Nigerian population sample of 307 men and 235 women, consuming their normal diets. Their ages were 15-64 (mean 38.8) for men and 15-44 (mean 31.4) for women. Mean values for serum cholesterol were 156.3 and 170.9, respectively, with corresponding mean serum HDL values of 46.0 and 49.0. 

Little is known about the factors responsible for the development of xanthomas in an individual case of xanthomatosis. A rough correlation between the total serum lipids and individual lipid fractions on the one hand, and the fluctuations of eruptive xanthomas on the other, exists without doubt, and a critical value for their development with 2.5 to 3 gm triglycerides per 100 ml plasma can be derived statistically. Such data are of no value for the individual case. Thus Fredrickson (1960) reported the rapid appearance of xanthomas with a serum triglyceride level of 2000 mg per 100 ml in one case, whereas another patient did... 

Several reasons for the occurrence of this symptom have been discussed. A rapid increase in size of liver and spleen precipitated by fatty meals or otherwise may be one possible cause of the abdominal colics resulting in stretching of the capsule of these organs. In Holt s case, 8 gm per 100 ml appeared to be a critical level for serum lipids with values above this level abdominal crises occurred frequently. An alternative explanation for these acute episodes would be the occurrence of recurrent pancreatitis as has been discussed repeatedly in the literature. This aspect will be considered below. A third possible cause in some cases may be impaired oxygen supply to the intestines as has been postulated by Kuo et al. (1959) and others for the myocardium, resulting in a kind of intermittent claudication of the bowel. 

In atherosclerosis, on the whole, higher levels of cholesterol and phospholipid are present, with a lower phospholipid cholesterol ratio than in healthy subjects (normal value >1). The ratio of j8- to a-lipoproteins is above normal and also the absolute values of a- and -lipoproteins are increased. The relative amounts of cholesterol in the /3-lipoprotein fraction are higher. Total fat values of the serum are likewise higher than normal (in fasting subjects all serum lipid is bound to proteins). 

Canola oil also was found to be eqnally as effective as corn oil and sunflower oil in lowering sernm TC and LDL-C of snbjects with elevated serum lipid levels (Lichtenstein et al., 1993 Gnstafsson et al., 1994). All three dietary fats produced similar decreases in TC and LDL-C (-12% to -17% from baseline). Lichtenstein et al. (1993) and Gnstafsson et al. (1994) reported a decrease in HDL-C on the canola and corn oil diets which coincided with the decrease in HDL-C reported by Mattson and Grundy (1985) when hyperlipidemic subjects were fed a high PUFA diet. Consistent with the results with normolipidemic subjects, a study by Sbdergren et al. (2001) with hyperlipidemic subjects found canola oil resulted in a decrease in TC and LDL-C from baseline values whereas there was no change in the blood Upid levels on an SFA diet. 

Toxic compounds polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, chlorinated pesticides, dioxins, veterinary drug residues, hormone residues, aflatoxins, toxic compounds in shellfish. Compoimds of nutritional significance in foods vitamins, fat, lipids, carbohydrates, protein, energy-calorific value, proximates, dietary fibre, ash. Other compounds hormones in blood serum... 

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