Virus Sendai

Sendai virus infection potentiates neurogenic inflammation in the rat trachea. J. Appl. Physiol. 68, 754-760. 

Gitman, A.G., Kahane, L., and Loyter, A. (1985a) Use of virus-attached antibndies or insulin molecules to mediate fusion between Sendai virus envelopes and neuraminidase-treated cells. Biochemistry 24, 2762-2768. 

Gitman, A.G., Graessmann, A., and Loyter, A. (1985b) Targeting of loaded Sendai virus envelopes by covalently attached insulin molecules to virus receptor-depleted cells Fusion-mediated microinjection of ricin A and simian 40 DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 7209-7313. 

Modification of Cells for Transport Experiments Experimental control of intracellular environment, 171, 817 implantation of isolated carriers and receptors into living cells by Sendai virus envelope-mediated fusion, 171, 829 resonance energy transfer microscopy visual colocalization of fluorescent lipid probes in liposomes, 171, 850. 

In 1957 Isaacs and Lindemann noted that virally infected cells produced a protein that conferred viral resistance to naive cells [Ij.They called the substance interferon. The properties of interferons immediately captured the imagination of virologists. However, clinical research was limited by the inability to produce interferon in sufficient quantity and to adequately purify the protein. The first major step in overcoming these problems was the discovery by Grosser that human leukocytes could produce interferons when stimulated in culture by Sendai virus [2]. 

The internal, sialyl residue of GM, is not completely resistant to some sialidases, so long as the oligosaccharide chain is bound to the ceramide part of GM, it is slowly cleaved by C. perfringens sialidase in the presence of bile salts.77 57 3511 Surprisingly, it is a relatively good substrate for the A. ureafaciens sialidase.360 Rapid hydrolysis of GM, sialic acid has also been observed with Sendai virus sialidase, in contrast to the enzymes from NDV or influenza viruses.361 Susceptibility towards mammalian sialidases has also been reported.362 However, it... 

Interestingly, erythrocytes that had lost (2—>3)-sialyl residues were still agglutinable by influenza viruses.531 In similar experiments with Madin-Darby, bovine kidney-cells and Sendai viruses, (2— 3)-sialyl residues as components of the oligosaccharide sequence a-Neu5Ac-(2— 3)-/3-Gal-(T 3)-GalNAc constitute specific receptors for these... 

Spontaneous fusion of cultured cells occurs only rarely. However, the rate at which it happens can be markedly increased by the addition of certain viruses or chemical fusogens to the culture. Sendai virus, as used in early somatic cell fusions, has a lipoprotein envelope similar in structure to the animal cell membrane. It has been suggested that a glycoprotein in the envelope promotes cell fusion by an as yet unexplained mechanism. 

The immunostimulating activity of chitosan has also been reported. A 70% DD chitosan showed immunostimulating effects by activating macrophages and natural killer cells in rats when infected with . coli and Sendai virus (Nishimura et al., 1984). Chang et al. (2004) also reported the immune-enhancing effects of chitosan as a novel adjuvant to an inactivated influenza vaccine, and the antibody content in serum remarkably increased the antiviral defenses of mice. 

K. Involvement of a cellular glycolytic enzyme, phosphoglycerate kinase, in Sendai virus transcription. J. Biol. Chem., 274, 35999-36008 (1999)... 

Frye and Edidin provided a striking visual demonstration of the dynamic nature of membrane structure. They labeled proteins on the plasma membranes of two samples of cells with fluorescent dyes, human cells with a dye that emitted red light, and mouse cells with a dye that emitted green light (fig. 17.15). The two populations of cells then were mixed and treated with Sendai virus, which causes individual cells to fuse. Immediately after the fusion, red fluorescence from the human proteins could be seen on one half of the hybrid membrane, and green fluorescence from the mouse proteins on the other half. But within a few min, the two types of proteins were intermingled over the entire surface. 

Tarbouriech, N., Curran, J., Ruigrok, R. W. H., and Burmeister, W. P. (2000). Tetra-meric coiled coil domain of Sendai virus phosphoprotein. Nat. Struct. Biol. 7, 777-781. 

Gangliosides as Receptors for Cholera Toxin, Tetanus Toxin, and Sendai Virus... 

With this system as a point of departure we adopted the same procedures for our studies of the interactions between gangliosides and tetanus toxin and Sendai virus. 

Sendai virus, like other myxo- and paramyxovirus, has surface glycoprotein spikes which adsorb to specific receptors on erythrocytes of most mammalian and fowl species and cause hemagglutination. The receptors on erythrocyte membranes contain neuraminic acid, as indicated by the fact that they are destroyed by neuraminidase. Haywood (3 ) demonstrated that liposomes containing gangliosides could inhibit the agglutination of erythro-... 

Sendai virus attaches to erythrocytes, and to check that the wet spots really represented specifically bound virus it was in-... 

High-affinity binding of Sendai virus to G1 gangliosides with a terminal disialosyl group... 

Figure 7. Specific binding of Sendai virus to GQlb ganglioside and its inhibition by antiserum as demonstrated with (a) the VCS method and (b) hemadsorption (see text). A virus in fourfold serial dilutions in buffer B in lower-titer antiserum, 1% C in the same serum, 10% D in higher titer antiserum, 1% this serum, 10%.

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