Secondary alkane sulfonates

PhenoHc dispersions made using natural soaps are sensitive to hard water, but under proper formulation they can tolerate water of 400 ppm total hardness and maintain complete clarity and germicidal activity. The highest activity for phenols was found when using secondary alkane sulfonates as solubilising agents (75). 

Linear secondary alkane sulfonates are produced hy the reaction between sulfur dioxide and n-paraffms in the range of C15-C17. 

Applications Various surfactant types (ABS, AES, secondary alkane sulfonates, and alkylphenol ethoxy-sulfates) have been analysed by means of a QQQ using a thermospray source [89]. Other applications of hyphenated thermospray ionisation mass-spectrometric techniques (LC-TSP-MS) are described elsewhere (Section 73.3.2). 

Secondary alkane-sulfonates (SAS) Alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, Imidazolinium Salts ... 

Secondary alkane sulfonates (SASs), alkyl sulfates (ASs) and alkylether sulfates (AESs)... 

At the end of the 1990s statistics show that the non-ionic surfactants achieved the highest growth in production rates world-wide, though anionic surfactants (anionics) maintained the dominant position in the surfactant market. Today they are produced in a larger variety by the petrochemical industry than all other types of surfactants. Their production spectrum covers alkyl sulfates (ASs), secondary alkane sulfonates (SASs) and aryl sulfonates and carboxylates via derivatives of partly fluorinated or perfluorinated alkyl surfactants to compounds with an alkylpolyglycolether substructure combined with an anionic moiety such as alkylether sulfates (AESs), phosphates, phosphonates or carboxylates. 

Genapol C 050 (alcohol ethoxylate, AEO) and Marlon PS 65 (secondary alkane sulfonate, SAS) at 1000 mg L-1 for each compound. These mixtures were also used for the preparation of the spiked wastewaters (effluent from WWTP Aachen-Soers, Germany, sampled on January 7, 1999). 

Numerous laboratory sorption studies have been conducted for the most common surfactants non-ionics, such as AE and alkylphenol ethox-ylates (APEOs) anionics such as LAS, secondary alkane sulfonates (SASs) and sodium dodecylsulfates (SDS) and on different natural sorbents [3,8,15-17], Until now, cationic and amphoteric surfactants have received less study than the other types, probably because they represent only 5 and 2%, respectively, of the total surfactant consumption in Western Europe (1998) [18]. 

Field J. A., T.M. Field, T. Poiger, and W. Giger. 1994. Determination of secondary alkane sulfonates in sewage wastewaters by solid-phase extraction and injection-port derivatization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol. 28, 496-503. 

A limited number of studies have considered the use of surfactant and cosolvent mixtures to enhance the recovery of NAPLs (Martel et al., 1993 Martel and Gelinas, 1996). Martel et al. (1993) and Martel and Gelinas (1996) employed ternary phase diagrams to select surfactant+cosolvent formulatons for treatment of NAPL-contaminated aquifers. The surfactant+cosolvent formulations used in their work, which included lauryl alcohol ethersulfate/n-amyl alcohol, secondary alkane sulfonate/n-butanol, and alkyl benzene sulfonate/n-butanol, were shown to be effective solubilizers of residual trichloroethene (TCE) and PCE in soil columns (Martel et al., 1993). However, very little information is available regarding the effect of cosolvents on the solubilization capacity and phase behavior of ethoxylated nonionic surfactants. 

The results are shown in Figure 27. It can be seen the all the anionics tested show significant effects of the combination with SAE on their sequestering ability. For this effect, the optimum EO mole number for each anionic is different. Since the combination of LAS with STPP gives a calcium ion sequestering ability of only 165 mg/g-detergents by this procedure, the combination of SAE with LAS(Linear Alkyl-benzene Sulfonate), AOS (4-Olefin Sulfonate), SAS(Secondary Alkane Sulfonate) or SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) would be recommended for use in heavy-duty detergents. 

Schechter, R.S., Wade, W.H., Weerasooriya, U., Weerasooriya, V. and Yiv, S. (1985) Synthesis and performance of isomer-free secondary alkane sulfonate surfactants. J. Dispersion Sci. Techn., 6, 223. 

Aliphatic sulfonates and sulfates can be separated by RPLC with ammonium acetate and detected by their molecular anions in selected ion recording (SIR). Secondary alkane sulfonates may be analyzed under similar conditions to the LAS. For alkylphenol ethoxysulfonates, mixed-mode RP/anion-exchange chromatography with ammonium acetate as buffer has been used, which provided separation according to the number of ethoxylate units. 

Secondary alkane sulfonate Quaternary ammonium compound Secondary hypochlorite, 10% soln... 

Only the apphcation of LC-MS analysis can be conceived of as reliable surfactant analysis. To elaborate determination methods for the analysis of the anionic surfactant mixture of alkyl ethoxysuUates (AES) APCI and ESI-MS(-t/-) studies combined with in-source MS/MS examinations were performed and results were compared (cf. Pig. 15.4 and 15.5 and 15.3.3.2 ESI, surfactants). APCI fragment ion spectra revealed the aUcyl chain length and the number of ethoxylate moieties therefore APCI was found to be the method of choice [326]. To confirm determination methods apphed in surfactant analyses an inter-laboratory comparison study of LC-MS techniques and enzyme-hnked immunosorbent assay for the determination of surfactants in wastewaters was performed in seven laboratories. The quantitative determination of the non-ionic NPEOs, AEOs, coconut diethanol amides (CDEAs) and the anionic LAS, NPEO-sulfates and the secondary alkane sulfonates (SAS) was performed under APCI or ESI-interfacing conditions in positive or negative... 

Sodium C14-17 sec alkane sulfonate. See Sodium C14-17 alkyl sec sulfonate Sodium C14-18 alkane sulfonate Synonyms Paraffin (C14-C18) sulfonate, sodium salt SAS Secondary alkane sulfonate Sodium alkane (C14-C18) sulfonate Formula CH3(CH2)mCH(CH2)nCH3(S03 )Na, m + n = 11-15... 

Anionic surfactant Alkylbenzene sulfonate, paraffin sulfonate, olefin sulfonate, secondary alkane sulfonate, alkyl sulfonate, dialkyldiphenylether disulfonate 0-3... 

Thus, LAS and secondary alkane sulfonates (SAS) are extracted from sewage sludges in the form of tetrabutylammonium ion pairs [47]. Lee and Peart extracted NP from sewage sludge spiked with acetic anhydride and a base with supercritical CO2. In this way NP is, in situ, converted into its acetyl derivative [48]. Ditallowdimethylammonium chloride (DTDMAC) is quantitatively extracted from digested sludges and marine sediments using supercritical CO2 modified with 30% methanol [49]. 

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