SCADA acquisition system

The crude oil delivery system starts with relatively small-diameter gathering lines from individual producing wells to a main-line pump station, from where it is pumped through a larger transmission trunkline to a refinery or other destination. At the refinery, the cmde oil is separated into gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, etc, and the refined products are transported by products pipelines to markets, storage, shipping terminals, etc. In modem lines, all inputs and outputs are metered, monitored, and remotely controlled by supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) computer systems. 

Control System Included in this classification are Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA), Distributed Control Systems (DCS), Statistical Process Control systems (SPC), Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), intelligent electronic devices, and computer systems that control manufacturing equipment or receive data directly from manufacturing equipment PLCs. 

Larger, commercial installations will also be equipped with a Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition system (SCADA). The SCADA system is connected via a data highway with the PLC(s) used in the system. 

The vahdation of analytical methods that are based on arrays of sensors cannot rely on the traditional pharmaceutical approach. Many of the vahdation headings have no equivalent, and important steps, such as vahdation of software, are not explicitly included. The pharmaceutical industry does, however, have a model for vahdation that could be used in modern analytical chemistry, namely the vahdation of programmable logic controllers (PLC) [26] and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) [27] systems. This was the subject of a recent issue of the journal Measurement and Control [1]. Of importance is now the process of vahdation, which may be broken down into a number of steps (Fig. 1). 

To date, process control systems like Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) have only enabled paperless operation in combination with SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems or as part of a DCS (Distributed Control System), which enable measurement and control actions to be recorded and used as part of batch documentation. Process control systems have the advantage that they focus on real-time data as a necessary part of both control and supervision. The real-time focus is very useful for implementing both active and proactive control when combined with, for example, statistical tools or predictive algorithms. 

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems Batch record systems Building Management Systems (BMSs)... 

Mr. Evans is a lead consultant in computer systems and medical device validation. He has 27 years experience with Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA) and Distributed Control Systems (DCSs) within the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. During the last 7 years, Mr. Evans has had specific responsibilities for ensuring the GMP compliance of these systems to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and UK Medicines... 

Increasingly the senior technicians function as supervisors for computer control systems such as Distributed Control Systems (DCS) or Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA). These technicians need procedures that help them work with the electronic interface, generally as troubleshooters for when the electronic systems go awry, or for when the control systems fail. 

Basic Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA) Pressure testing for steel and plastic pipelines Hot tapping and stopping Characteristics and properties of natural gas Excavation safety Compressor operation Pipeline purging Valve maintenance Cathodic protection... 

Scada (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) Systems collect 30 data, monitor manufacturing processes, and produce management reports on the effectiveness of manufacturing processes. Are often PC systems and use graphical displays to alert shop-floor staff to problems in a process. 

Prior to the widespread implementation of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and human-machine interface (HMI) systems, most SPC and SQC was performed by quality-control departments as an off-line process. Data was collected from test stations, laboratories, etc. and statistical analysis was performed later. SCADA/HMI systems, however, have made it feasible to provide plant-floor SPC charts using data collected in real time directly from the process. Fabricators that want to standardize SPC and SQC to increase their use find they need the two following functions (1) provide the plant floor with SPC charts and (2) make data collected by SCADA systems available for off-line analysis. Available is SPC and SQC software to support these efforts. Recognize that the bulk of SPC s value is derived from process improvements developed from offline SQC analysis. 

Along the corridor of the power line, a system control and data acquisition (SCADA) or instrumentation line is run back to the main control station. Telephone wires or fiber optics are used to monitor remote start or shut pumps and valves. The computer system that monitors the local control may be programmable local controller (PTC) based. The centralized control room is usually called the distributed control system (DCS). SCADA controlled systems are designed to include ... 

Excavation for buried pipelines, or installation of pipelines and their supports Installation of poles for overhead power lines or excavation for underground lines Construction of pump stations, MCC buildings, and installation of equipment SCADA (systems control and data acquisition) system installation Start-up and commissioning Demobilization of construction fleet Operation and monitoring Closure and reclamation... 

Fiset, J. 2009. Human-Machine Interface Design for Process Control Applications. Research Triangle Park, NC Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society. Written for designers and industrial control personnel, this book discusses three basic human-machine interfaces distributed control systems (DCSs), supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA), and stand-alone units. 

Determination of critical assets that might be subject to malevolent acts that could result in undesired consequences What are the malevolent acts that could reasonably cause undesired consequences on these assets electronic, computer, or other automated systems that are utilized by the public water system (e.g., Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)) the use, storage, or handling of various chemicals the operation and maintenance of such systems... 

System interface with hardware supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) program... 

Control of the field occurs on two levels. The upper level Is the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system whose main responsibility is well flow rate control, well testing, production allocation, accounting and general field monitoring. The SCADA system is operated from the Main Operations Center (MOC) which is remote from all three GCs. The second level of control is process control in the individual GCs. Flow to the GCs Is normally controlled by the SCADA system (HOC operator), but the GC operator can override and control well flow rates in case of SCADA system failure or other unusual circumstances. The GC operator and the MOC operator communicate via a dedicated telephone connection. 

Since the operation is in an arctic environment, achieving the above objectives presents particular problems and would be difficult and Inefficient using the more conventional approaches. Therefore, as part of the original facilities a "supervisory control and data acquisition" (SCADA) system was Installed in the VfOA. The operational philosophy is one where, by means of the SCADA system, the functions necessary for reservoir management and production control could be monitored and controlled from a central location called the Main Operations Center [Pg.57]

To accomodate all the necessary data acquisition and control associated with the field expansion, a modified or expanded SCADA system was required. 

Most DCS were, and still are, being sold to refineries and chemical plants where the distances involved and the environment do not require microwave communication. Responding to the market demand, few manufacturers were interested in developing the technique. Such systems that were available were, quite naturally, configured around the concept of closed loop control at the PCM level. Consequently, none of them could compete with the SCADA system in terms of numbers of data acquisition points. Alternatively, none of the SCADA system manufacturers could provide a sufficiently intelligent remote unit to execute closed loop control. 

Microprocessor-based control systems are marketed under a variety of acronyms and not all will be true DCCSs. Of particular note are the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems which form an increasingly central part of the operations of many industries (e.g. offshore oil and gas platforms, petrochemical complexes, pulp and paper works). SCADA describes a communications system whose principal function is to join instrumentation and control into a cohesive package(57) and, particularly, the supervision and management of remote ... 

Stand-alone systems. Multiloop controllers) or programmable logic controllers (PLC) typically used to control part of a process, and larger supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems/distributed control systems (DCS) used to control the process or service as a whole (e.g., bulk primary production plant, building management systems). These self-contained systems are a component of an automated manu-... 

The control system of the freeze-drying unit provides control, monitoring and documentation of the process. Such a system must be reliable and comply with GM P and GAMP (Good Automation Manufacturing Practice) demands with respect to computer validation. It should be SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) compatible. A possible hardware architecture is shown in Figure 2.55.1. 

Incorrectly implemented calculations moving averages in Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, material mixing concentrations in DCS systems, flawed shelf-life date calculations in Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS). 

Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA), Industrial PC systems, and Distributed Control Systems (DCS). Measurement and control systems and process management systems are often integrated together. Process Analytical Technology (PAT) is a special case implementing nonintrusive process instrumentation. 

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