Proactive controls

If there are situations where ordinary procedures may be suspended for specific purposes, these need to be carefully defined and controlled by the proactive development of "rules" which explicitly state the boxmdary conditions for such interventions. 

Notwithstanding the preceding notes, the fact is that whether large boilers or small boilers are involved, the starting point for the proactive reduction in operational risk is effective control of water chemistry. 

The function of boiler water treatment, therefore, is to control the waterside chemistry of boiler plant systems within certain agreed and relevant parameters and specifications. As these adverse processes are by no means limited to the boiler itself, in practice, boiler water treatment also includes pre-boiler and post-boiler functions and further requires that all the various types of water utilized are controlled through a comprehensive treatment and proactive management program. 

We now apply a different philosophy to controller design. Up until now, we have had a preconceived idea of what a controller should be, and we tune it until we have the desired system response. On the other hand, we can be more proactive we define what our desired closed-loop response should be and design the controller accordingly. The resulting controller is not necessarily a PID controller. This is acceptable with computer based controllers since we are not restricted to off-the-shelf hardware. 

To counter probable disturbances, we can take an even more proactive approach than cascade control, and use feedforward control. The idea is that if we can make measurements of disturbance changes, we can use this information and our knowledge of the process model to make proper adjustments in the manipulated variable before the disturbance has a chance to affect the controlled variable. 

From the concepts derived in this Chapter a practical approach is derived shown in Table 6. This table shows how to use the concepts for retrieving the working and influence of a control process on the safety of an organization and identifies proactively safety risks. 

The FDA also introduces the concept of process analytical technology (PAT). PAT refers to systems that are used to analyze, monitor, and control manufacturing processes on a continuous basis. The quality attributes and specifications of raw materials, in-process intermediates, and processes are measured in real time and compared with predetermined parameters so that deviations can be rectified in a proactive nature to assure that the end products conform to the level of quality as expected. It is believed that a system based on PAT being implemented in a real-time manner would improve manufacturing efficiency and simultaneously retain or improve the product quality through these interactive measurements and controls. 

GC, in turn, exert a very sensitive negative feedback on the HPA system at the level of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and the anterior pituitary, and also at the level of the hippocampus, which projects to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the latter which sends off projections to the PVN. In concert with other components of the stress hormone system, the action of corticosterone displays two modes of operation (for review see De Kloet et al. 1998). In the first proactive mode, GC maintain basal activity of the HPA system and control the sensitivity or threshold of the system s response to stress. GC promote coordination of circadian events, such as the... 

Dormandy et al Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial in macroVascular Events) A randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2005,366 1279. [PMID 16214598]... 

To be successful, an organization must offer services and products that meet a well-defined purpose or need. A company must satisfy its users, including delivery time scales. It should be ensured that applicable standards, statuary requirements, and specifications are in compliance. The offered product or services should be within budget and provide value. Companies should ensure that their total operations are carefully reviewed before implementation to reduce the occurrence of error and quickly correct any error inadvertently made. Control should be demonstrated on changes through proactive communication and feedback loops between the company and external interfaces. Training needs must be identified to promote efficiency and cost-effectiveness. 

The quality system requirements specified in clause 4.1 are achieved through proactive planning. Changes made to the system are documented and controlled. 

Data collected for each process phase may also be evaluated statistically to evaluate objectively whether a process change was better or worse than the preceding one. For example, through analysis of variance, it would be possible to determine whether each process phase had demonstrated continued process control or clear improvement. The revalidation approach would thus allow the QA (or production technical services) group to proactively manage its responsi-... 

In general, the pharmaceutical industry has used the term quality control in reference to the laboratory function in which finished pharmaceuticals or APIs are tested for stability and release. The term quality assurance has replaced quality control as defined above. The terms (QAU) will be used throughout this article in reference to a proactive quality control unit. 

An effective change control system must allow a firm to proactively evaluate proposed changes to a method before they are implemented. 

Proactive QA oversight Study-specific quality control program... 

---