Risk sources

Previously vaccinated Known responder Known non-responder Antibody response unknown No treatment HBIG x 1 and initiate HB revaccination or HBIG x 2 Test exposed person for anti-HBs (1) if adequate, no treatment (2) if inadequate, HBIG x 1 and vaccine booster No treatment No treatment No treatment No treatment If known high-risk source, treat as if source were HBsAg-positive Test exposed person for anti-HBs (1) if adequate, no treatment (2) if inadequate, vaccine booster and recheck titer in 1-2 months... 

The local authorities must inform the population in these risky areas about the dangerous risk sources and about their potential impacts, especially in the vicinity of such sources and facilities. 

By using data on population density in the vicinity of the particular risk sources, it is relatively easy to estimate numbers of dead and wounded/affected citizens, and even livestock. 

The complexity increases when we look at a mobile risk source with hazardous chemical substances, where transport routes are not usually know. 

Among the issue with mobile risk sources are, for example, transport of high volumes of hazardous substances through densely populated areas, parking the tanker vehicles at improper sites, passage of the tanker vehicles through the spots with the highest occurrence of car accidents etc. 

The authorities must also allow suitable and full-scope information to the impacted population about the possible risk sources, their impact in case of accident, methods of warning and recommended models of behaviour under the occurrence of such extraordinary situation. 

Meltzer, M. 1989. Reducing Environmental Risk Source Reduction for the Electroplating Industry. Doctoral Dissertation, University of California, School of Public Health, Environmental Science and Engineering Department. 

Risk assessment experts of natural and technical sciences produce the best estimate of the physical harm that a risk source may induce. 

Psychological stress and discomfort associated with the risk or the risk source (as measured by psychometric scales). 

In an intolerable situation the risk source such as a chemical or a technology needs to be refused or substituted. 

The applicability of different urban wind-flow and meteorological models for UAC emergency modelling depends on types of the risk sources and releases, the scale of the dangers, and purposes of the model use (i.e. for emergency forecasting or risk assessments). 

Without a quality assurance system, organizations risk sourcing substandard, counterfeit or contaminated pharmaceutical products, leading to complaints about products and product recalls, wastage of money and serious health risks to patients. Such problems affect the credibility of procurement agencies, cause financial losses and put patients safety in danger. Background... 

Previously vaccinated, known nonresponder HBIg (two doses 1 month apart) or HBIg one dose, plus dose of vaccine No treatment If known high-risk source, may treat as if sou rce were HBsAg-positive... 

The most critical part of handling risks relates to the understanding, description and justification of tolerable or acceptable risks. The term acceptable refers to an activity or situation where the remaining risks are so low that additional efforts for risk reduction are not seen as necessary. The term tolerable refers to an activity or situation that is seen as worth pursuing (for the benefit it carries) yet requires additional efforts for risk reduction within reasonable limits. The distinction between tolerability and acceptability can be applied to a large array of risk sources. 

In a second step the risk potentials should be decreased by reducing. specific risk sources or by prohibiting them completely. Regulatory procedures are suitable, e.g., limitation of quantities by environmental standards and a rather economic incentive. system by means of certificates. In. some ca.ses the use of endangering liability is appropriate. As mentioned above, instruments of technical procedures and capacity-building are nece.ssary. 

As far as possible, the following risk sources will be eliminated at the earliest possible date ... 

The interdisciplinary risk estimation comprises two activities (1) risk assessment -producing the best estimate of the physical harm that a risk source may induce (including all scenarios that could compromise the safety of the facility under review) and (2) concern assessment — identifying and analyzing the issues that individuals or society as a whole link to a certain risk. For this purpose the repertoire of the social sciences, such as survey methods, focus groups, econometric analysis, macroeconomic modeling, or structured hearings with stakeholders may be used (Renn et al. 2011). 

For significant risk sources or unusual or complex practices, a safety assessment that states the probability and magnitude of potential exposures (e.g. a safety assessment should be made for Category 1 and 2 sources, as defined in Ref. [7]) ... 

A fundamental feature of the process of review and assessment of an application for authorization by the regulatory body is its consideration of the documentation submitted by the applicant. For significant risk sources or unusual or complex practices, the regulatory body should also verily the contents of the documents submitted by means of inspection of the site where the radiation sources are to be installed or used. These inspections will also allow the regulatory body to supplement the information and data needed for... 

Organism group Exposure (mg/l) Minimum toxicity (mg/l) Risk quotient Calculated risk (%) > Source of input data... 

Administrative limitations on material at risk (source term),... 

An important part of both safety report and safety program is Analysis and Assessment of Major Accident Risks (hereinafter called risk analysis ), in which hazards sources (equivalent term to risk sources) is considered to be chemical substance with one or more hazardous properties (e.g. flammability, explosiveness, acute toxicity etc.). 

Frameworks for systemizing supply chain risk sources and handling the consequences of these are numerous (Vanany et al. 2009 Zsidisin et al. 2004). Svensson (2000) in essence divides risk management approaches... 

AIRs M,t> = individual risk addition from risk source S, weather class M and wind direction (p [people... 

Ps = conditional probabihty of an accident rise with toxic gas release in risk sources grid cell S [km ] Phj = probability of atmospheric stability class [-] P = probabihty of assigned wind breathe direction attached with weather class M[-] ... 

The present study, however, raises serious questions concerning the alleged rationality of risk expertise. As demonstrated in the study risk expertise does not exist in an institutional vacuiun as it is dependent on feedback finm the risk sources. Because the organizational distance fi om risk source to risk expertise is long, clear and efficient communication channels for feedback finm risk sources to risk expertise is vital in order for the risk experts to assess the risks correctly. But as evidenced in the present smdy many factors affect the efficiency of these communication... 

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