Electroplating industrial

The suitability of gas absorption as a pollution control method is generally dependent on the following factors 1) availability of suitable solvent 2) required removal efficiency 3) pollutant concentration in the inlet vapor 4) capacity required for handling waste gas and, 5) recovery value of the pollutant(s) or the disposal cost of the unrecoverable solvent. Packed-bed scrubbers are typically used in the chemical, aluminum, coke and ferro-alloy, food and agriculture, and chromium electroplating industries. 

Environmental Pollution Control Alternatives Centralized Waste Treatment Alternatives for the Electroplating Industry, Jime 1981 625/5-81-017. 

In the electroplating industry, the use of titanium as hooks " and as heating and cooling coils for temperature control of certain acidic liquors has improved the control of plating baths Perhaps the most significant... 

No acute-, intermediate-, or chronic-duration inhalation MRLs were derived for cyanide because of the limitations associated with the available studies. Many of the animal and human studies used lethality, or serious effects, such as coma, as the end point. Two epidemiological studies are available however, one study lacked good exposure data, and the other study involved occupational exposure in the electroplating industry where exposure to other chemicals may have occurred. 

In electroplating industrial iron metals, zinc metal electrodeposition is accompanied by the formation of Zn-Ni, Zn-Co, and Zn-Fe alloys, where zinc electrodeposition is known to be anomalous in some cases. The ratio of zinc metal to iron metal in those alloys is sometimes higher than that of the electroplating bath solution, and zinc ions occasionally deposit at potentials positive to the equilibrium potential of zinc ions on zinc metal although is very negative to the equilibrium potentials of iron metals. It can be seen from the study of underpotential deposition of zinc ions " that this is not anomalous, but could be explained as an underpotential deposition phenomenon, to be clarified in further work. 

Obviously one of the important economic requirements for electroplating industry is that as much material is plated in as short a time as possible. Therefore industrially the process is run at high currents for maximum discharge rate (Faraday s first law). However higher discharge rates mean that the surface concentration of the ions at the... 

Recent studies have demonstrated that simultaneous ultrasonic irradiation of electrochemical systems significantly improve electrochemical reactions [10,11]. Ultrasound has been used extensively in the electroplating industry for many years, and the literature contains many articles reporting the advantages of ultrasound in electrodeposition and plating which include ... 

The use of Zn-Cr(III) alloy plating has almost replaced the use of Cr(VI) in the electroplating industry due to its excellent corrosion resistance and its lower toxicity. Recently, a solvent extraction procedure for separating and selectively recovering the two metals, zinc and chromium, from electroplating wastewaters has been demonstrated [10]. 

Chromium is commonly released to the environment from the electroplating industry and is extremely hazardous. Some studies suggest that in minute amounts, chromium may be essential to human beings, but this has not been proven. The standard for chromium is 0.05 mg/L of water [76]. 

The formulation of the polymer used in filtration varies with the waste stream type. Different polymers have different costs. The operating expenses associated with treating wastewater contaminated with nickel and zinc from the electroplating industry was estimated to be less than 1 cent per gallon (D21214W, p. 6). 

RO is widely used for desalinization of brackish water to produce a potable water source. Special membranes have been developed for industrial uses and for purifying wastewater. Metal compounds are readily removed. RO is a commercially mature technology available for many special applications including the treatment of process water from metal finishing, pulp and paper, semiconductor, and electroplating industries. 

In industry, it is used in rubber and plastic materials and in paints and sprays to neutralize unpleasant odours (Lake, 1999). In other fields, coumarin has a significant use in the electroplating industry, mostly in the automotive area, to provide high polished quality to chrome-plated steel, but this use is declining (Egan et al., 1990 Boisde Meuly, 1993). 

Regarding the personnel employed, the electroplating industry generates 13,176 jobs, 10,312 of which are contributed by the sub-sector of the micro-small-medium companies, representing 78% of the total. The large companies contribute 2,864 jobs corresponding to 22%. The regional distribution of the personnel employed is 54% in the metropolitan zone of the city of Mexico, 20% in Jalisco, 18% in Nuevo Leon and 8% in the rest of the country. 

Based on the excellent solubility and reducing properties of amine boranes, they are often used for the stabilization and purification of industrial materials. Further, they are applied as additives in hydrocarbon fuels and in lubricating oils, as polymerization catalysts, as ingredients in photographic processing and in the electroplating industry.169 High stability towards hydrolysis and oxidation makes cationic boron chelates useful as water-soluble dyes.170... 

Several basic principles well known to the electroplating industry are employed in electrolytic recovery expanded cathode surface area, close spacing between cathode and anode, and recirculation of the rinse solution. Electroplaters can design their own units by... 

Meltzer, M. 1989. Reducing Environmental Risk Source Reduction for the Electroplating Industry. Doctoral Dissertation, University of California, School of Public Health, Environmental Science and Engineering Department. 

Finally, source reduction should not be taken as any more than an important component in a wel1-conceived waste management plan. Field experience and the literature show clearly that source reduction, while ripe for exploitation as a preferred method of waste management by the electroplating industry, cannot eliminate waste generation. 

The disposal of hazardous waste solutions, such as cyanide solutions, used in the electroplating industry has alwsys been a technical and economic problem. Regulations continne to become more stringent as to where and how long this waste is stored, as well as the methods of storage and disposal. Disposal costs continue to increase. Is there a solntion to this problem ... 

Silver and gold were probably the first metals to be electroplated27 and were the subject of a patent which could be said to have started the electroplating industry.28 Both metals are normally plated from cyanide baths and the processes have enjoyed some prominence since World War II as electronics technology has developed and the good electrical conductivity and chemical resistance of the metals has been attractive. 

Bovet P, Lob M, Grandjean M. 1977. Spirometric alterations in workers in the chromium electroplating industry. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 40 25-32. 

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