Rheumatic inflammations

In China, the plant is used to treat rheumatic inflammation. The anti-inflammatory property is substantiated, and a surprising amount of evidence is available. Note that the main anti-inflammatory principle of Tripterygium uiildfordii is a diterpene triepoxide known as triptolide, which posseses potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties (103,104). 

High heat-retention capacity As heat is also a therapeutic agent, clay minerals are applied hot to treat chronic rheumatic inflammations, spot traumatisms and dermatological problems. 

NSAIDs Non-steroidal anti-rheumatic dmgs NSAR (aspirin-like dmgs, Inflammation)... 

The corticosteroids may be used to treat rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis (inflammation of the bursa, usually the bursa of the shoulder), and osteoarthritis. 

The ghicocorticoids are used as replacement therapy for adrenocortical insufficiency, to treat allergic reactions, collagen diseases (eg, systemic lupus erythematosus), dermatologic conditions, rheumatic disorders, shock, and other conditions (see Display 50-1). The anti-inflammatory activity of these hormones make them valuable as anti-inflammatories and as immunosuppressants to suppress inflammation and modify the immune response... 

Gold is used therapeutically in chronic inflammations as rheumatic arthritis (Ishida and Orimo 1994). The dose is given in the form ofa gold complex, such as gold sodium thiomalate and Auranofin toxic effects due to overdoses may appear. The most common method to monitor the therapeutic dose in serum or urine is GF-AAS. 

In Asia, this plant is valued as a remedy for fever, rheumatism, gout, and inflammatory illnesses. In China, the roots are used as febrifuges, deobstruents, and carminatives, and are used to assuage muscle pains, thoracic and abdominal inflammations, puerperal fever, and diarrhea. 

Due to the numerous possible reactions and related biological consequences, inappropriate overproduction of NO can cause a series of disease states such as a variety of neurodegeneration diseases including inflammation, rheumatic disease, septic shock, diabetes melhtus, and cerebral ischemia. Therefore development of isoform-specific NOS inhibitors to regulate NO synthesis has been an active research area. 

An important class of compounds that have members from both prescription and over-the-counter drugs are those that relieve pain. Aspirin is a common type of analgesic. It is also an antipyretic, that is, it lowers abnormally high body temperatures. A third use is in reducing inflammation caused by rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis. Salicylic acid has been known for its analgesic properties since the early 1800s. Kolbe and... 

As was already mentioned, piroxicam also is a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drug. It is used in inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system that are accompanied by painful symptoms. It is used for rheumatic heart disease, nonspecific infectious polyarthritis, gouty arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, arthrosis, back pain, nenralgia, myalgia, and other diseases associated with inflammation. Synonyms for piroxicam are feldene, dexicam, roxenan, and others. 

Arthritis of IBD comprises rheumatic syndromes associated with IBD. Inflammatory bowel disease consists of Crohn s disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Gut inflammation is common in patients with SpA. Around 25% of patients with chronic SpA have early features of Crohn s disease. 

Salicylates and other similar agents used to treat rheumatic disease share the capacity to suppress the signs and symptoms of inflammation. These drugs also exert antipyretic and analgesic effects, but it is their anti-inflammatory properties that make them most useful in the management of disorders in which pain is related to the intensity of the inflammatory process. 

Methotrexate s principal mechanism of action at the low doses used in the rheumatic diseases probably relates to inhibition of aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) transformylase and thymidylate synthetase, with secondary effects on polymorphonuclear chemotaxis. There is some effect on dihydrofolate reductase and this affects lymphocyte and macrophage function, but this is not its principal mechanism of action. Methotrexate has direct inhibitory effects on proliferation and stimulates apoptosis in immune-inflammatory cells. Additionally, inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines linked to rheumatoid synovitis has been shown, leading to decreased inflammation seen with rheumatoid arthritis. 

Brassica alba (L.) Rabenh. B. juncea (L.) Czem. et Coss. Bai Jie Zi (Indian mustard) (seed, young shoot) Sinigrin, myrocin, sinapic acid, sinapine, potassium myronate, mustard oil, allyl isothiocyanate, behenic acid, erucic acid, benzyl isothiocyanate, eicosenic acid.48-50 Relieve bladder inflammation, hemorrhage, abscesses, lumbago, rheumatism, stomach disorders. 

Pedicularis resupinata L. P. resupinata L. f. pubescens Kom. P. resupinata L. f. ramosa Kom. Ma Xian Gao (Lousewort) (whole plant) Alpha-amyrin, beta-amyrin, betulinic acid, cholesterol, kaempferol.50-218 Used in fever, leucorrhea, rheumatism, sterility, urinary difficulties, anti-inflammation, dryness of the mouth, tongue, and tinnitus. 

Rheumatic disorders Decreased inflammation and immunosuppression Ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, osteoarthritis... 

Type III reactions are the result of antigen-antibody (IgG) complexes that accumulate in tissues or the circulation, activate macrophages and the complement system, and trigger the influx of granulocytes and lymphocytes (inflammation). This is sometimes referred to as the Arthrus reaction and includes postinfection sequelae such as rheumatic heart disease. Farmer s lung, a pneumonitis caused by molds has been attributed to both type III and type IV, and some of the late phase response (4-6 hours after exposure) in asthmatics may be the result of Arthrus-type reactions. 

As early as the 2nd century a.d., borage mixed with honey was used to treat sore throat for which it is still recommended by contemporary herbalists. An infusion of the leaves and stems was once used as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and emollient. Other traditional uses include relief of symptoms of rheumatism, colds, and bronchitis. It is also believed to increase breast milk production. A poultice of fresh leaves has been used to treat inflammation. 

Capsicum has stimulant, antispasmodic, carminative, diaphoretic, counterirritant, antiseptic, and rubefacient properties. Traditionally, it has been used for colic, flatulent dyspepsia without inflammation, chronic laryngitis (as a gargle), insufficiency of peripheral circulation, and externally for neuralgia, including rheumatic pains and unbroken chilblains. 

Celery is stated to possess antirheumatic, sedative, mild diuretic, and urinary antiseptic properties. It has been used for arthritis, rheumatism, gout, urinary tract inflammation, and specifically for rheumatoid arthritis with mental depression. 

Willow is reputed to have anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, antipyretic, antihidrotic, analgesic, antiseptic, and astringent properties. Traditionally, it is used for muscular and arthrodial rheumatism with inflammation and pain, influenza, respiratory catarrh, gouty arthritis, and other systemic connective tissue disorders characterized by inflammatory changes. 

Indomethacin enjoys the usual indications for use in rheumatic conditions and is particularly popular for gout and ankylosing spondylitis. In addition, it has been used to treat patent ductus arteriosus. Indomethacin has been tried in numerous small or uncontrolled trials for many conditions, including Sweet s syndrome, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, pleurisy, nephrotic syndrome, diabetes insipidus, urticarial vasculitis, postepisiotomy pain, and prophylaxis of heterotopic ossification in arthroplasty, and many others. An ophthalmic preparation seems to be efficacious for conjunctival inflammation (alone and in combination with gentamicin) to reduce pain after traumatic corneal abrasion. Gingival inflammation is reduced after administration of indomethacin oral rinse. Epidural injections produce a degree of pain relief similar to that achieved with methylprednisolone in postlaminectomy syndrome. 

Yagnik DR, Hillyer P, Marshall D, Smythe CDW, Krausz T, Haskard DO, Landis RC. Noninflammatory phagocytosis of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals by mouse macrophages. Implications for the control of joint inflammation in gout. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2000, 43, 1779-1789. 

In coughs, colds, influenza, catarrhs, and for the relief of sciatica and rheumatic pains, wineglass doses of the ounce to pint decoction are taken as needed. Makes a good gargle, and is applied externally to ulcers and wounds. Ragwort ointment is prepared from the fresh herb and used for inflammation of the eyes. 

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