Respiratory symptoms

Health and Safety Factors, Toxicology. Phosphoms trichloride severely bums skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Contaminated clothing must be removed immediately. Vapors from minor inhalation exposure can cause delayed onset of severe respiratory symptoms after 2—24 h, depending on the degree of exposure. Delayed, massive, or acute pulmonary edema and death can develop as consequences of inhalation exposure. 

Exposure to sulfur dioxide in the ambient air has been associated with reduced lung function, increased incidence of respiratory symptoms and diseases, irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, and premature mortality. Children, the elderly, and those already suffering from respiratory ailments, such as asthmatics, are especially at risk. Health impacts appear to be linked especially to brief exposures to ambient concentrations above 1,000 ixg/in (acute exposures measured over 10 minutes). Some epidemiologic studies, however, have shown an association between relatively low annual mean levels and excess mortality. It is not clear whether long-... 

ZANAMIVIR There is a risk for bronchospasm in patients with asthma or COPD. A fast-acting bron-chodilator should be on hand in case bronchospasm occurs. Zanamivir use should be discontinued and the primary health care provider notified promptly if respiratory symptoms worsen. 

Some physicians recommend epinephrine metered-dose inhalers as an alternative to epinephrine autoinjectors. While a few inhalations might relieve mild or moderate respiratory symptoms, for relief of life-threatening airway obstruction or shock, adults need to inhale 20-30 puffs and children need to inhale 10-20 puffs, which is hard to do [35]. Epinephrine metered-dose inhalers contain chlorofluorocarbon propellants. For environmental reasons, they might not be manufactured in the future. 

Blockers may be used by those with reactive airway disease or peripheral vascular disease, but should be used with considerable caution or avoided if patients display active respiratory symptoms. Care must also be used in interpreting shortness of breath in these patients, as the etiology could be either cardiac or pulmonary. A selective (3 r -blocker such as metoprolol is a reasonable option for patients with reactive airway disease. The risk versus benefit of using any (3-blocker in peripheral vascular disease must be weighed based on the severity of the peripheral disease. 

Pulmonary rehabilitation results in significant and clinically meaningful improvements in dyspnea, exercise capacity, health status, and health care utilization.10 It should be considered for patients with COPD who have dyspnea or other respiratory symptoms, reduced exercise capacity, a restriction in activities because of their disease, or impaired health status.1... 

Recommend a pharmacotherapy regimen that is likely to minimize risk to the fetus or baby for the following disorders that are commonly experienced during pregnancy nausea and vomiting, constipation, hemorrhoids, heartburn, pain, and upper respiratory symptoms. 

Patients may experience nonrespiratory symptoms in addition to respiratory symptoms. With increasing age, both respiratory and nonrespiratory symptoms decrease in frequency. 

Enteric adenovirus less than 2 yr Year-round 7-9 days Fecal-oral Diarrhea, respiratory symptoms, vomiting, fever... 

Mineral Oil Hydraulic Fluids. No specific methods were located for interfering with the mechanism of action for toxic effects produced by mineral oil hydraulic fluids. Unstable alveoli and distal airways have been proposed as major factors in the respiratory symptoms that occur after the ingestion of other petroleum-derived materials. Continuous positive airway pressure or continuous negative chest wall pressure, as well as the application of supplemental oxygen, have been recommended to counteract the resultant pneumonitis (Eade et al. 1974 Klein and Simon 1986). 

In a report comparing community responses to low-level exposure to a mixture of air pollutants from pulp mills, Jaakkola et al. (1990) reported significant differences in respiratory symptoms between polluted and unpolluted communities. The pollutant mixture associated with the pulp mills included particulates, sulfur dioxide, and a series of malodorous sulfur compounds. Major contributors in the latter mixture include hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and methyl sulfides. In this study the responses of populations from three communities were compared, a nonpolluted community, a moderately polluted community, and a severely polluted community. Initial exposure estimates were derived from dispersion modeling these estimates were subsequently confirmed with measurements taken from monitoring stations located in the two polluted communities. These measurements indicated that both the mean and the maximum 4-hour concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were higher in the more severely polluted community (4 and 56 g/m3 2.9 and 40 ppb) than in the moderately polluted one (2 and 22 g/m3 1.4 and 16 ppb). Particulate measurements made concurrently, and sulfur dioxide measurements made subsequently, showed a similar difference in the concentrations of these two pollutants between the two polluted communities. 

Higashi T, Toyama T, Sakurai H, et al. 1983. Cross sectional study of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary functions in rayon textile workers with special reference to hydrogen sulfide exposure. Ind Health 21 281-292. 

Respiratory Effects. The only information located regarding respiratory effects in humans associated with lead exposure was a case report of a 41-year-old man who was exposed to lead for 6 years while removing old lead-based paint from a bridge. At the time of the initial assessment, his PbB level was 87 pg/dL, and he complained of mild dyspnea for the last 2-3 years. No abnormalities in respiratory function were seen at clinical examination, so it is not possible to conclude that his respiratory symptoms were related to exposure to lead (Pollock and Ibels 1986). 

Sparrow, D., O Connor, G., Young, 1., Rosner, B., Weiss, S. Relationship of urinary serotonin excretion to cigarette smoking and respiratory symptoms. Chest. 101 976, 1992. 

Gastrointestinal symptoms Respiratory symptoms Cutaneous symptoms Other symptoms... 

The response varies, depending on the individual and the allergen. The worst case is that anaphylactic shock arises when gastrointestinal, cutaneous and respiratory symptoms occur in conjunction with a dramatic fall in blood pressure and cardiovascular complications. Death can occur within minutes of anaphylactic shock. Table 4 lists the other symptoms of IgE allergy. 

Nonpulmonary manifestations are extremely common and include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, myalgias, arthralgias, polyarticular arthritis, skin rashes, myocarditis and pericarditis, hemolytic anemia, meningoencephalitis, cranial neuropathies, and ft n i I lain - Bar re syndrome. Systemic symptoms generally clear in 1 to 2 weeks, whereas respiratory symptoms may persist up to 4 weeks. 

Bacterial sinusitis can be categorized into acute and chronic disease. Acute disease lasts less than 30 days with complete resolution of symptoms. Chronic sinusitis is defined as episodes of inflammation lasting more than 3 months with persistence of respiratory symptoms. 

High-efficiency particulate air filters can remove lightweight particles such as pollens, mold spores, and cat allergen, thereby reducing allergic respiratory symptoms. 

Barker, R.D. et al., Risk factors for sensitisation and respiratory symptoms among workers exposed to acid anhydrides a cohort study, Occup. Environ. Med., 55, 684, 1998. 

The AEGL-1 value was based on the observation that exercising healthy human subjects could tolerate exposure to concentrations of 500 or 1,000 ppm for 4 h with no adverse effects on lung function, respiratory symptoms, sensory irritation, or cardiac symptoms (Utell et al. 1997). The exercise, which tripled the subjects minute ventilation, simulates an emergency situation and accelerates pulmonary uptake. Results of the exposure of two subjects for an additional 2 h to the 500-ppm concentration and the exposure of one subject to the 1,000-ppm concentration for an additional 2 h failed to elicit any clear alterations in neurobehavioral parameters. The 4- or 6-h 1,000-ppm concentration is a NOAEL in exercising individuals, there were no indications of response differences among tested subjects, and animal studies indicate that adverse effects occur only at considerably higher concentrations, so the 1,000-ppm value was adjusted by an uncertainty factor (UF) of 1. The intraspecies UF of 1 is supported by the lack of adverse effects in patients with severe... 

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