Serotonin urinary

Sparrow, D., O Connor, G., Young, 1., Rosner, B., Weiss, S. Relationship of urinary serotonin excretion to cigarette smoking and respiratory symptoms. Chest. 101 976, 1992. 

Sumatriptan is a serotonin (5HT ) agonist, which does not cause dry mouth. Trihexyphenidyl, cinnarizine, imipramine and orphenadrine all tend to cause antimuscarinic side-effects, including dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision and urinary retention. 

The TCA drugs have lost their place as first-line therapy for depression because of their bothersome side effects (Table 33.2) at therapeutic doses and lethal effects in toxic doses. In addition to their presynaptic effects on the neuronal uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, they block several postsynaptic receptors. They are potent cholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonists, resulting in symptoms such as dry mouth, constipation, tachycardia, blurred vision and urinary retention. Blockade of histamine receptors (Hi) often results in sedation and weight gain. Antagonism of aj-adrenoceptors in the vasculature can cause orthostatic hypotension. 

Ravindran AV, Bialik RJ, Lapierre YD Primary early onset dysthymia, biochemical correlates of the therapeutic response to fluoxetine, 11 urinary metabolites of serotonin, norepinephrine and melatonin. J Affect Disord 31 119-123, 1994d Razani J, White KL, White J, et al The safety and efficacy of combined amitryptiline and tranylcypromine antidepressant treatment—a controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 40 657-661, 1983... 

In most patients, the ergot alkaloids have little or no significant effect on bronchiolar or urinary smooth muscle. The gastrointestinal tract, on the other hand, is quite sensitive. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may be induced even by low doses in some patients. The effect is consistent with action on the central nervous system emetic center and on gastrointestinal serotonin receptors. 

Two parallel groups of healthy volunteers received 20 mg of citalopram (n = 12) or placebo (n = 6) once daily for 10 d in a randomized, double-blind fashion, followed by concomitant selegiline, 10 mg once daily for 4 d. The safety of this drug combination was assessed by measurements of blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, and inquiries for adverse events. Blood samples were taken for the analysis of serum concentrations of selegiline, citalopram, and their metabolites. In addition, plasma was obtained to measure prolactin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphanolglycol (DHPG), the urinary excretion of norepinephrine and 5-hydroindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the urinary metabolite of serotonin. 

Hartnup disease is a rare genetic condition in which there is a defect of the membrane transport mechanism for tryptophan and other large neutral amino acids. The result is that the intestinal absorption of free tryptophan is impaired, although dipeptide absorption is normal. There is a considerable urinary loss of tryptophan (and other amino acids) as a result of the failure of the normal reabsorption mechanism in the renal tubules - renal aminoaciduria. In addition to neurological signs that can be attributed to a deficit of tryptophan for the synthesis of serotonin in the central nervous system, the patients show clinical signs of pellagra, which respond to the administration of niacin. 

Zinner NR. Duloxetine a serotonin-noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitor for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2003 ... 

Theoretically due to increases in serotonin and norepinephrine concentrations at receptors in parts of the brain and body other than those that cause therapeutic actions (e.g., unwanted actions of serotonin in sleep centers causing insomnia, unwanted actions of norepinephrine on acetylcholine release causing urinary retention or constipation)... 

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