Mold spores

Biological agents—molds, spores, dander Contaminated ventilation systems, pets... 

Airborne material affecting the quality of indoor air may be classified as gases or particulate matter. Gases which may be potential problems are radon, CO, NOj, and hydrocarbons. Particulate matter may come from tobacco smoke, mold spores, animal dander, plant spores, and others as shown in Table 23-1. Other factors interact to influence our perception of indoor air quality, including humidity, temperature, lighting, and sound level. 

The gases also have other constituents mixed with them, typical ones being dusts, pollens, bacteria, viruses, mold spores, smoke particles, and the products of industrial activity such as SO2, H2, and S. Volcanic activity also adds various gases and dusts to the atmosphere. 

High-efficiency particulate air filters can remove lightweight particles such as pollens, mold spores, and cat allergen, thereby reducing allergic respiratory symptoms. 

In further pursuit of a train of observations which eventually relates fungi to pulmonary problems and suggests possible involvement in byssinosis, we note that most physicians concerned with asthma believe that fungus or "mold" spores in out-door air can cause asthmatic attacks in some persons with asthmatic tendencies. Two of the fungi which they cite most frequently as... 

One of the indole diketopiperazines 24, metabolite Aspergillus Ustus from mold spores forming in corn grains, has a pentacyclic structure with an azocino[5,4- 7]indole fragment (73X107). 

Beattie, S. E. and Torrey, G. S. 1984. Volatile compounds produced by Brevibacterium linens inhibit mold spore germination (abstract). J. Dairy Sci. 67 (suppl. 1), 84. Berry, E. C. and Bullerman, L. B. 1966. Use of cheese whey for vitamin Bi2 production. 

One in 10 persons, 22 million people, in the United States have allergies. Ten million of these suffer from the nasal discomfort of "hay fever" and six million from die more serious asthma. Substantial numbers of people in the United States die of allergic reactions to insect stings (more than 30 per year) or to injections of penicillin (300 per year in 1970). Foods, drugs, pollens, mold spores, mites in house dust, and even heat or cold can evoke serious allergic reactions. Among these eczema (atopic dermatitis) is very common. A major cause of allergic reactions has been... 

It is of the utmost importance to insure that aseptic technique is used throughout these procedures. The work place must be suitable for bacteriological work. It is very difficult to produce meaningful work where there are air currents and laboratory traffic. Normal air contains bacteria and mold spores which can easily contaminate samples and plates. 

V. Bajaj, S. P. Damle and P. S. Krishnan (1954). Phosphate metabolism of mold spores. I. Phosphate uptake by the spores of Aspergillus niger. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 50, 451 460. 

Jolly, R.C., Kosikowski, F.V. 1975b. A new blue cheese food material from ultrafiltrated skim milk and microbial enzyme - mold spore reacted fat. J. Dairy Sci. 58, 1272-1275. 

Container Cleanliness of Marketing Product The previous cleanliness of containers filled with the product will depend on their transportation exposure, composition, and storage conditions. Glass containers usually carry at least mold spores of different microorganisms, especially if they are transported in cardboard boxes. Other containers and closures made with aluminum, Teflon, metal, or plastic usually have smooth surfaces and are free from microbial contamination but may contain fibers or insects [45], Some manufacturers receive containers individually wrapped to reduce contamination risks and others use compressed air to clean them. However, the cleanliness of wrapped containers will depend on the provider s guarantee of the manufacturing process and compressed-air equipment may release vapors or oils that have to be tested and validated [6],... 

Indoor mold measures might include air sampling or source sampling. Interpretation of either should not rely on total counts, but rather on the types of molds recovered and the rank order of types of mold spores (or colonies) recovered. 

Cork boards should not be stored in the forest close to the soil with its high numbers of mold spores, and soil should not splash onto the boards during rain. 

The boil water must be chlorine-free and it should be exchanged frequently, since its temperature will not kill mold spores. 

Mold spores—Packets that contain the genetic material necessary for the formation of a new mold. 

Some mycotoxins cling to the mold spores surfaces and may be found in dust as adsorbed or absorbed chemically on the dust particulates matrix. Thus, the exposure pathways for mycotoxins include inhalation of mVOC vapors and inhalation of associated dusts or mold spores. Ingestion and dermal exposure through initial skin contact is also possible. 

Moderate irradiation with gamma rays from radioactive isotopes has kept the strawberries at the right fresh for 15 days, while those at the left are moldy. Such irradiation kills mold spores but does no damage to the food. The food does not become radioactive. 

Mold-ripened cheeses are inoculated with mold spores which germinate and, via metabolic transformation, produce additional characteristic flavor compounds. Blue-vein cheeses are good examples. In these cheeses, surface molds, yeasts, and bacteria (micrococci) become dominant as the cheese pH drops due to the lactic flora early in maturation. The main... 

Since mold spores and bacteria are often airborne and thus ubiquitous and generally require only few nutrient media and other parameters, the amount of water in indoor spaces is usually the factor limiting their growth. As carbon-heterotrophic microorganisms, molds are dependent on a supply of nutrient substrates (e.g., cellulose) that are absorbed in dissolved form from the environment. Enough water in a liquid state must be available for this [7]. The total water content of the substrate is not available but only the part that is not bound to dissolvable substances (salts, carbohydrates, proteins). The water availability is designated as water activity (n y value) [6] and is dependent on the substrate temperature. The water activity is defined as the quotient of the water vapor pressure over the substrate (Pp) and the saturation pressure (Pg) of pure water at a given temperature in a enclosed system ... 

Semi-Solid Heterogeneous Systems (Mold Spore Germination).177... 

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