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Adenovirus enteric

Early electron microscopic studies showed that adenovirus enters cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis (Patterson and Russell, 1983). Consistent with these early morphologic studies, adenovirus uptake into cells was shown to involve dynamin (Wang et al, 1998), a 100-kDa GTPase that regulates endosome formation (Sever et al, 1999 Marks et al, 2001). Adenovirus was one of the first viruses shown to use multiple receptors for cell entry (Nemerow et al, 1993 Wickham et al, 1993). The adenovirus... [Pg.478]

It seems only reasonable to suppose that the ability of adenoviruses to induce cellular DNA synthesis and entry into the cell cycle in mammalian cells is of advantage to the virus replication cycle such a property could hardly have evolved for any other purpose. Bellett and colleagues (see, for example, Murray et al., 1982a) have pointed out the particular relevance of this ability to the natural conditions of infection. By contrast to the artificial laboratory situation in which the virus is usually provided with cells that are partially transformed (they are immortal) and undergoing rapid growth and division, most cells encountered by the virus in the natural host are likely to be arrested at the Gl/GO boundary. Thus, it would seem to be of considerable advantage to the virus to possess a mechanism that, soon after an adenovirus enters such a relatively inactive host cell, induces that cell to enter its most active biosynthetic state and, thus, provide maximal quantities of those cellular proteins upon which viral DNA synthesis and gene expression depend. [Pg.324]

The calcium phosphate method was first used in 1973 to introduce adenovirus DNA into mammalian cells [3]. DNA-Calcium-phosphate complexes are formed by mixing DNA in a phosphate buffer with calcium chloride. These complexes adhere to the cell membrane and enter the cytoplasm by endocytosis. Disadvantages of DEAE-dextran and calcium phosphate transfection are a certain level of cytotoxicity, a complicated transfection procedure, and the fact that not all cell types can be transfected using these methods. [Pg.229]

Thurston-Enriquez, J. A., Haas, C. N., Jacangelo, J., and Gerba, C. P. (2005a). Inactivation of enteric adenovirus and feline calicivirus by chlorine dioxide. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71, 3100-3105. [Pg.37]

Viruses are the most common cause of diarrheal illness in the world, resulting in about 450,000 and 160,000 hospitalizations for adults and children, respectively, and over 4000 deaths.40,41 A number of viruses may cause gastroenteritis, including rotaviruses, noroviruses, astroviruses, enteric adenoviruses, and coronoviruses (Table 73-4). This chapter will focus on rotaviruses. [Pg.1125]

Enteric adenovirus less than 2 yr Year-round 7-9 days Fecal-oral Diarrhea, respiratory symptoms, vomiting, fever... [Pg.1125]

Similarly, Prado et al. [31] reported that HWWs may contain, on average, approximately 2-log higher levels of enteric viruses, mainly rotavirus A (RV-A) and human adenovirus (HAdV), than raw UWWs. [Pg.144]

Unlike adenovirus, AAV does not cause disease in humans or other mammals, and researchers hoped it might be able to avoid detection and annihilation by the host immune system. AAV enters cells and homes in on chromosome 19. There the strand of viral DNA inserts itself and becomes a permanent part of the host cell s chromosome. Furthermore AAV also... [Pg.409]

Neve, R.L. (1993). Adenovirus vectors enter the brain. Trends in Neurosci. 16,251 253. [Pg.262]

Mostly attenuated organisms are being used as live virus vaccines however, in some instances, even virulent organisms could be used, provided they are not administered via the natural route of infection. For example, human adenovirus types 4 and 7 may cause acute respiratory infections in humans when administered via the oronasal route but provide protection when given orally in enteric-coated capsules. ... [Pg.3909]

Figure 49-1 provides a schematic diagram of the replicative cycle of a DNA virus (A) and an RNA virus B). DNA viruses include poxviruses (smallpox), herpesviruses (chickenpox, shingles, oral and genital herpes), adenoviruses (conjunctivitis, sore throat), hepadnaviruses (hepatitis B virus [HBV]), and papiUomaviruses (warts). Typically, DNA viruses enter the host cell nucleus, where the viral DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) by host cell polymerase and mRNA is translated into virus-specific proteins. [Pg.812]

Four adipogenic pathogens are adenoviruses. Adenoviruses were first isolated in 1953 by investigators attempting to establish cell lines from the adenoidal tissue of children after tonsillectomy (Shen and Shenk, 1995). Adenoviruses are widespread in nature, infecting birds, mammals, and humans. In humans, adenoviruses are frequently associated with acute upper respiratory tract infections, enteritis, or conjunctivitis. Presence of serum antibodies... [Pg.84]

Although lipid barriers are common outside the capsids of viruses (and inside as well for poxviruses), no lipids are associated with adenoviruses or reoviruses. Enzymes are frequently present. Neuraminidase, in myxoviruses, releases sialic acid 5.15) from a glycopeptide widely present in mucus. Vaccinia virus (a poxvirus) contains the enzyme RNA polymerase which enters the host cell at the time of infection. A herpesvirus has adenosine triphosphatase. Lysozyme is common in phages. Carbohydrates, other than the pentose that forms part of the nucleic acids, have often been found. Analysis of purified herpes simplex virus showed proteins (70%), phospholipids (22%), DNA (6%), and carbohydrates (1.6%). [Pg.205]

Adenoviruses consist of a large double-stranded DNA genome (about 36 kilobase pairs long) packaged within a nonenveloped icosahedral capsid that is primarily composed of three virus-encoded proteins (hexon, pen ton base, and fiber proteins) [39]. The fiber proteins protrude fi om the surface of the virus and mediate its attachment to target cells via a high affinity interaction with the cellular receptor CAR (coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor) [40]. The virus is then internahzed into endosomal vesicles via specific interactions between the penton base proteins and ofy integrins [41]. Adenoviruses escape these vesicles by an acid-induced endosomolytic activity and are transported to the nucleus, into which they enter via pores in the nuclear membrane [42]. [Pg.282]

As mentioned in Section 2.3, some of the very first examinations of adenovirus-infected, permissive cells revealed large quantitative changes in total RNA synthesis. Subsequently, it was established that the metabolism of both cellular mRNA and rRNA are severely disrupted as a full-fledged productive infection enters the late phase. These changes, coupled with the selective translation of viral mRNA... [Pg.324]

Kasel, J.A., H.E. Evans, A. Spickard, and V. Knight. 1963. Conjunctivitis and enteric infection with adenoviruses, types 26 and 27. Responses to primary, secondary, and reciprocal cross-challenges. Amer. J. Hyg., 77 265-282. [Pg.388]


See other pages where Adenovirus enteric is mentioned: [Pg.421]    [Pg.410]    [Pg.31]    [Pg.421]    [Pg.410]    [Pg.31]    [Pg.422]    [Pg.34]    [Pg.671]    [Pg.24]    [Pg.337]    [Pg.339]    [Pg.240]    [Pg.326]    [Pg.3]    [Pg.246]    [Pg.690]    [Pg.299]    [Pg.301]    [Pg.480]    [Pg.303]    [Pg.3910]    [Pg.3920]    [Pg.156]    [Pg.2035]    [Pg.2047]    [Pg.2048]    [Pg.241]    [Pg.213]    [Pg.391]    [Pg.1267]    [Pg.309]    [Pg.325]    [Pg.327]    [Pg.336]    [Pg.49]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.2048 , Pg.2049 ]




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