Resins, carbonized

Many organic substances 7 are soluble in liquid sulphur dioxide, e.g. many alcohols, ether, resins, carbon disulphide, chloroform, benzene and alkaloids.8 It has been shown that under ordinary working conditions di-olefines are soluble and mono-olefines insoluble in liquid sulphur dioxide. This difference in solubility may be advantageously utilised in the refining of mineral lubricating oils, but it does not appear possible to separate naphthenes from paraffins by this method.9... 

Isothioureas can be prepared on insoluble supports by S-alkylation or S-arylation of thioureas (Entry 7, Table 14.6). Further methods for the preparation of isothioureas on insoluble supports include the N-alkylation of polystyrene-bound, A/,/V -di(alkoxy-carbonyl)isothioureas with aliphatic alcohols by Mitsunobu reaction (Entry 7, Table 14.6) and the addition of thiols to resin-bound carbodiimides [7]. Resin-bound dithio-carbamates, which can easily be prepared from Merrifield resin, carbon disulfide, and amines [76], react with phosgene to yield chlorothioformamidines, which can be converted into isothioureas by treatment with amines (Entry 8, Table 14.6). The conversion of support-bound a-amino acids into thioureas can be accompanied by the release of thiohydantoins into solution (see Section 15.9). The rate of this cyclization depends, however, on the type of linker used and on the nucleophilicity of the intermediate thiourea. 

Engineering thermoplastics have also been used in preimpregnated constructions. The thermoplastic is thoroughly dispersed as a continuous phase in glass, other resins, carbon fibers (qv), or other reinforcement. Articles can be produced from these constructions using thermoforming techniques. For example, the aerospace industry uses polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in woven carbon-fiber tapes (26). Experimental uses of other composite constructions have been reported (27) (see also COMPOSITE MATERIALS, POLYMER-MATRIX). 

Novolac and resol cold hardening oligomers habe been used 19-75-99). In the case of resol foams the process technology is not different from that used for epoxy foams. Glass, phenolic resins, carbon, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile and poly(vinylidene chloride) microspheres have been used as fillers ... 

Cyclohexenyl Isocyanide-resin Carbonate Convertible Isocyanide-resin... 

Raymundo-Pinero, E., Cazorla-Amoros, D., Linares-Solano, A., Find, J., Wild, U., and Schlogl, R. Structural characterization of N-containing activated carbon fibers prepared from a low softening point petroleum pitch and a melamine resin. Carbon 40, 2002 597-608. 

V. M. Gun ko, R. Leboda, J. Skubiszewska-Zifba, B. Charmas, and P. Oleszczuk, Carbon Adsorbents from Waste Ion Exchange Resins, Carbon 43, 1143-1150 (2005). 

The storage and transfer of raw chemicals requires special considerations relative to the equipment that come into contact with epoxy resins. Carbon steel is generally satisfactory for pipe and tank construction and will not rust beneath the epoxy resin. Rust occuring above the level of the epoxy and accidentally introduced into the resin may be removed by filters. Epoxy coated steel pipe, aluminum or stainless steel pipe, or epoxy fiberglass composite tubing is used to prevent rusting downstream of the filter. 

In order to help to identify the various resonance peaks in the solid-state NMR data, it was necessary to measure the solution NMR for each of the components in the neat resin. Carbon-13 NMR spectra measured at 125 MHz of TGDDM, DDS, and DGOP dissolved in deuterated chloroform are shown in Fig. 40-44. 

To further investigate the scope and utility of the reaction, Plourde [17] carried out thiol addition to supported aminocychtol 122, formed by reaction of aminocychtol 121 with Wang resin carbonate 120 (Scheme 26). Treatment of 122 with benzyl thiol and AIBN followed by cleavage from support gave the product sulfide 123 in good yield and purity. 

Liu Y., Xue J. S., Zheng T. and Dahn J. R., Mechanism of lithium insertion in hard carbons prepared by pyrolysis of epoxy resins. Carbon 34 (1996) pp. 193-200 Mukai S. R., Masuda T., Tanigawa T., Harada T., and Hashimoto K., Structure of Hard Carbons which Leads to Small Irreversible Capacities for Li Insertion. International Symposium on Carbon Science and Technology for New Carbons (Tokyo) (1998) pp. 305-306. 

Epoxide resin laminates are of particular importance in the aircraft industry. It has been stated that the Boeing 757 and 767 aircraft use 1800 kg of carbon fibre/ epoxide resin composites for structural purposes per aeroplane. The resin has also been used with Aramid fibres for filament-wound rocket motors and pressure vessels. The AV-18 fighter aircraft is also said to be 18% epoxide resin/carbon fibre composite. The resins are also widely used both with fibres and with honeycomb structures for such parts as helicopter blades. 

Gupta, A. and Harrison, I.R. (1994). SmaU-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in carbonized phenolic resins. Carbon, 32, 953-60. 

Banter resins, carbon fibers, fatty high molecular weight polyether-potyols. high-nitrile copolymer resins, starch/acrykMMnle copolymer. 

DC properties of experimental epoxy resin/carbon black systems... 

In 1985, ANPA came out with the first-generation soybean-oil-based lithographic news ink, comprised of alkali-refined soybean oil, hydrocarbon resin, carbon black pigment, and an antioxidant (Moynihan, 1985a). This black ink had similar printing properties to mineral-oil-based inks, but cost 30—50% more. The color inks were formulated in a similar way, had good print quality, but cost about 5—10% more than the petroleum-based commercial inks. Thus, industry continued to search for 100% vegetable-oil-based inks to replace petroleum-based inks. 

NMR chemical shifts for melamine resins Carbon atom... 

SHELL SAND Phenol - Formaldehyde (Novalak) Resin Particulate matter - soot from the incomplete combustion of carbon based resins Carbon oxides Phenol, cresols and xylenols Ammonia Aldehydes Benzene PAH Odom problems more prevalent - treatment may be necessary although dispersion may suffice... 

ALKALINE PHENOLIC Resol - Alkaline phenol Formaldehyde resin 1. Gas hardened 2. Self-setting Particulate matter - soot fiom the inconqrlete combustion of carbon based resins Carbon oxides Formaldehyde Phenol, cresols and xylenols Aromatics Odom may be a problem... 

G Hellard, J Hognat and J Cuny, Mechanical characteristics of resin/carbon composites incorporating very high performance fibres . Proceedings International Conference on Composite Materials ICCM-V, San Diego. London, Elsevier Applied Science, 1985, pp 1633-1639. 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. CO, CO2, NO, hydrogen cyanide NFPA Flealth 4, Flammability 3, Reactivity 2 Uses Monomer for acrylic and modacrylic fibers, paints in prod, of ABS and SAN copolymers, nitrile rubber, surfactants, adhesives, polyols, barrier resins, carbon fibers organic synthesis formerly as pesticide fumigant... 

Bai, Y., Huang, Z.-H., Kang, F., 2014. Electrospun preparation of microporous carbon ultrafine fibers with tuned diameter, pore structure and bydropbobicity from pbenobc resin. Carbon 66 (January), 705—712. Available from bttp //dx.doi.org/10.1016(j.carbon.2013.09.074. 

EP-K-L Epoxide resin-carbon fiber fabric-prepreg... 

On the other hand, vegetable or animal oils are othermodifiers in an alkyd formulation. Examples of vegetable oils are palm oil, palm kernel oil, soybean oil, olive oil, colza oil, sesame oil, wood oil, eastor oil, and linseed oil, whereas, animal oils are such as fish oil, whale oil, beef oil, mutton oil, and hoof oil. Natural resins such as rosin, amber, and shellac, and synthetic resins such as ester gum, phenol resin, carbon resin, and melamine resin, also have been reported as a modifier in the alkyd formulatioa... 

Horikawa T, Hayashi J, Muroyama K (2004) Size control and characterization of spherical carbon aerogel particles from resorcinol-formaldehyde resin. Carbon 42 169-175... 

Fitzer E, Geigl KH, Huttner W, Weiss R, Chemical interactions between the carbon fibre surface and epoxy resins, Carbon, 18, 389-393, 1980. 

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