Calcium carbonate filler polyester resin

Chem. Descrip. 77% Salt of unsat. polyamine amides and acidic polyesters with 20% 2-butoxyethanol, 2% xylene, 0.5% ethylbenzene Uses Wetting agent, dispersant, vise, reducer for filled, unsat. polyester and epoxy resin systems, esp. those with alumina trihydrate or calcium carbonate fillers and silica-filled epoxy flooring compds. 

Whereas McGee [188] did not verify any effect of particulate fillers (i.e., glass, calcium carbonate, and aluminum) on the reaction kinetics, Lem and Han [185], working with calcium carbonate and clay in an unsaturated polyester resin, concluded that the reaction rate increases by increasing the filler content. 

Alkyds. Alkyd resins consist of a combination of unsaturated polyester resins, a monomer, and fillers. Alkyd compounds generally contain glass fiber filler, but they may also include clay, calcium carbonate, alumina, and other fillers. Alkyds have good heat, chemical, and water resistance, and they have good arc resistance and electrical properties. Alkyds are easy to mold and economical to use. Postmolding shrinkage is small. Then-greatest limitation is extremes of temperature (above 175°C) and humidity. 

The recovered glassfiber-resin powder was tested as a filler for polymer mortars[3]. The mortars were composed of filler, silica sand and binder, dried for one day, and cured at 70°C for 15 hrs. A glassfiber-resin powder and a calcium carbonate powder for comparison (each with an average size of 52 // m) were used as fillers. Bisphenol F type epoxy resin, poly methacrylic methyl (PMMA), and unsaturated polyester (UP) were used as binders. 

FRP fine powder was made from waste septic tanks, which were formed by Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) method. The SMC was a composite of resin, inorganic filler and glass fiber (GF). The resin was unsaturated-polyester resin. The inorganic filler was fine powder of calcium carbonate. These two materials compose 70% of the weight and the rest of the weight (30%) was GF. 

Figure 16.13. Viscosity of polyester resin filled with calcium carbonate and microspheres (total content of filler (CaCOs+microspheres) is 60 wt%). [Data courtesy of Abrasivos Y Maquinaria, SA, Barcelona, Spain] ...

Chem. Descrip. Calcium carbonate CAS 471-34-1 EINECS/ELINCS 207-439-9 Uses Filler/extender used in interior flat paint and exterior house paints, rubber compds. (NR, SR), polyvinyl plastisols, PE and polyester resins, putty and caulk, ceramics, adhesives, linoleum, floor tile, aril textile coatings filler in heels, soles, flooring, mats, molded and extruded goods, foam prods., footwear, sundries, SMC Properties Wh. powd. 7.0 avg. particle diam. 99.5% finer than 44 50.0% finer than 7 0.03% sol. in water sp.gr. 2.70-2.71 dens. 22.57 Ib/gal solid bulk dens. 58 Ib/ff (loose) oil absorp. 13 cc/100 g brightness (Hunter) 93 ref. index 1.6 pH 9.5 (sat.) hardness (Mohs) 3.0 Toxicology Nontoxic Camel-FINE [IMERYS]... 

Table 6.1 Effects of an unsaturated acid coupling agent on the mechanical properties of calcium carbonate-filled unsaturated polyester resin [15] (filler level not given).

An additional evaluation [18] of the extension of rutile Ti02 by different fillers was conduded by assessing blister resistance in two types of liquid, thermosetting polyester resins (namely ortho- and ortho-neopentyl glycol (NPG). The performance of the filler/pigment portion of the cured polyester gel coat was compared after exposure to water at 65 °C for 1150 h (Table 13.12). Untreated kaolin provided better blister resistance than untreated talc or calcium carbonate. Vinylsilane surface-treated kaolin gave the best blister resistance, reducing the size and extent of blisters... 

Conventional SMC is prepared from unsaturated polyester resin and styrene, together with magnesium or calcium oxides or hydroxides. The bases serve to thicken the styrene-polyester solution, probably through ionomer formation.Usually, SMC is used together with fillers such as calcium carbonate and glass fiber reinforcement for high modulus. 

A typical SMC contains about 30-50% of fiber (25-75 mm long, frequently E-glass fiber 25.4 mm), 25% resin (usually unsaturated polyester), and 25-45% filler (usually, calcium carbonate, alumina or clay) by the weight fraction. In the case of structural applications, 50-70 wt% of fibers can be used in SMCs. In general, fillers are not added if the SMC contains more than 60 wt% of fiber (see Table 3.1, Mallick, 1990). 

Sheet molding compoimd (SMC) is used in the manufactin-e of large reinforced compression moldings, which are employed extensively in automotive panels. SMC is prepared as a sandwich, rolled between two polyethylene films it contains polyester resin, filler (usually calcium carbonate), and 20-30 wt% chopped glass fibers. Other components such as peroxides for cross-finking, thermoplastic additives for shrinkage control, and alkahne-earth oxides and hydroxides to assist maturation are present in smaller amounts. Maturation involves a thickening... 

The IR spectrum of pure PVC is shown in Fig. 27a together with the spectrum of a plasticizer treated PVC (Fig. 27b). Although the IR spectrum of the plasticized PVC looks similar to that of a polyester or an alkyd resin because of the dominant spectral features of the plasticizer, such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP), one can confirm the presence of PVC from the characteristic pattern of the C—Cl stretching vibration band at around 700-600 cm (marked by arrows). Strong features attributed to the carbonate ion often appear in the IR spectrum of many formulated PVC samples that feature materials such as calcium carbonate, which are used as fillers or extenders. 

While described as coupling agents, the main benefits illustrated appear to be in dispersion and especially in producing low viscosity filler dispersions of excellent stability in liquid systems such as unsaturated polyester resin. Among the advantages claimed are the ability to produce hydrolytically stable coatings easily and rapidly with aqueous slurries of particulate fillers including calcium carbonate. The reader is referred to publications by Cohen [90-92] for more details. 

Two types of conunercially available jute fabrics were used Hessian cloth with starch and Hessian cloth without starch. Isophthalic polyester resin was used as matrix. Metltyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) and cobalt naphthenate were used as catalyst and accelerator, respectively. Calcium carbonate (200 mesh) was used as filler. 

Bulk Molding Compoimd, BMC, (Dough Molding Compound in Europe) is produced by first mixing pre-catalyzed liquid resin with fillers, mainly calcium carbonate and talc, in a heavy duty low speed sigma blade mixer. This is compression molded at 500 psi and 300 to 400°F. The resin most commonly used is unsaturated styrene-diluted polyester. Other BMC resins are alkyds, phenolics, urea, melamine, diallyl phthallate, silicones and epoxy. All are highly filled with calcium carbonate, talc, mica or alumina to improve mechanical properties and reduce shrinkage. 

Uses Wetting agent, dispersant, vise, reducer, flow aid for filled, unsat. polyester resin systems, putty compds., esp. for use with aiumina trihydrate, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and talc Features Yields higher filler loading... 

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