Polymer composite carbon fibre-epoxy resin

Wright WW, The carbon fibre/epoxy resin interphase—a. Review—Part 1, Composite Polym (now called Polym and Polym Composites), 3(4), 231-257,1990 (Note references for this article are given in Part II of reference 47). 

Levchik, S.V. Camino, G. Costa, L. Luda, M.P. Mechanistic stndy of thermal behaviour and combustion paformance of carbon fibre-epoxy resin composites fire retarded with a phosphorus-based curing syston. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 1996,54, 317-322. 

Electrical conductivity measurements have been reported on a wide range of polymers including carbon nanofibre reinforced HOPE [52], carbon black filled LDPE-ethylene methyl acrylate composites [28], carbon black filled HDPE [53], carbon black reinforced PP [27], talc filled PP [54], copper particle modified epoxy resins [55], epoxy and epoxy-haematite nanorod composites [56], polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blends [57], polyacrylonitrile based carbon fibre/PC composites [58], PC/MnCli composite films [59], titanocene polyester derivatives of terephthalic acid [60], lithium trifluoromethane sulfonamide doped PS-block-polyethylene oxide (PEO) copolymers [61], boron containing PVA derived ceramic organic semiconductors [62], sodium lanthanum tetrafluoride complexed with PEO [63], PC, acrylonitrile butadiene [64], blends of polyethylene dioxythiophene/ polystyrene sulfonate, PVC and PEO [65], EVA copolymer/carbon fibre conductive composites [66], carbon nanofibre modified thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers [67], PPY [68], PPY/PP/montmorillonite composites [69], carbon fibre reinforced PDMS-PPY composites [29], PANI [70], epoxy resin/PANI dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid blends [71], PANI/PA 6,6 composites [72], carbon fibre EVA composites [66], HDPE carbon fibre nanocomposites [52] and PPS [73]. 

As shown in the previous section, most polymer composites used in construction involve highly flammable matrices, such as polyester, vinylester or epoxy resins. Besides, if glass and carbon fibres are generally considered heat resistant, other type of fibres used for specific applications may also exhibit poor fire behaviour (aramid, polyolefins or other polymer fibres, for instance). Therefore, to meet the safety requirements specified in building codes and... 

The low density of these fibres - about 0.97 g cm - means that in terms of specific stress and specific modulus (i.e. on a mass per unit length basis) they rank very highly. However, they are limited in composites by their low melting temperatures (about 140°C), tendency to creep, and the need for special surface-activation processes, such as corona discharge treatment, to develop adhesion to matrix polymers. They are sometimes used alone, but more often in hybrid yam and fabric stmctures with glass or carbon fibres in an epoxy or unsaturated polyester resin matrix to improve the impact resistance and energy absorption. Curing temperatures should not exceed 125°C. 

With TG it is also possible to determine glass fibres in polymer systems. Fava [261] recorded TG/DTG curves of PP filled with carbonate and fibreglass. TG is an ideal analytical tool for the control of the glass fibre content in composite materials. Since the glass fibre is thermally inert, there is no problem resolving the weight from the resin (by simple subtraction from 100%). Gibbons [151] has analysed additives such as plasticisers, antioxidants, fillers, and reinforcements for PAll, PE, PP and epoxy resins both qualitatively and quantitatively by DSC and thermomechanical analysis. Fig-... 

SEM has been used extensively in morphological studies on polymers. Polymers studied include epoxy resin-polyaniline composites [3], polyoxyethylene [15], polypropylene-polycaprolactone blends [16], polydimethylsiloxane-co-ethylene oxide [17], PET fibres [18], polyurethane/polybutylmethacrylate polymer networks [19], methylacrylate-co-cellulose [20], styrene-butadiene copoylmer [21], Nylon 6-ethylene vinyl alcohol [22] and propylene-calcium carbonate or talc composites [23]. 

T., Chemical recycling of carbon fibre reinforced epoxy resin composites in subcritical water synergistic effect of phenol and KOH on the decomposition efficiency, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 97 (3), 214-220 (2012). 

In this work, we report the change of wetting and interfacial bonding of T800S carbon fibre recycled using a pyrolysis process. A low cost epoxy resin and a low cost vinyl ester resin were used for the assessment. These two low cost resins would be candidates for manufacturing recycled carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites for the automotive industry. 

Other recent applications of ToF-SIMS without XPS include the examination of PS [6, 17-19], polyethylene (PE) [20], carbon fibre reinforced epoxy resins [21], polyalkyl methacrylates [22], alkylketene dimers [23], perfluorinated polymers [24], perflnorinated ethers [25], polyethylene glycol (PEG) oligomers [15, 25-29], rubber [30], ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer [30], Nylon-6 [31], PC [32,33], PDMS [34], polypyrrole coated PS [35], poly-p-phenylene vinylene [36], butyl rubber [37], poly(4-vinyl phenol)/poly(4-vinyl pyridine blends) [38], polypyrrole-silica gel composites [39], y-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxy silane [40], triblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)- 3 poly(phenylene ethylene)- 3 poly(ethylene glycol) [41], ethylene-terephthalate-hydroxybenzoate copolymer [42], PS-polyvinyl methyl ether, polycarbonate - PS blends [43] and PDMS-urethane [44],... 

Polymer-matrix composites for aerospace and transport are made by laying up glass, carbon or Kevlar fibres (Table 25.1) in an uncured mixture of resin and hardener. The resin cures, taking up the shape of the mould and bonding to the fibres. Many composites are based on epoxies, though there is now a trend to using the cheaper polyesters. 

---