1-mono-olefin

Open chain hydrocarbons which are undersaturated, i.e. having at least one carbon-carbon double bond are part of the olefin series, and have the ending -ene . Those with one carbon-carbon double bond are called mono-olefins or alkenes, for example ethylene CH2 = CH2. 

Although most aromatic modified C-5 resins are typically higher softening point resins, certain appHcations, such as adhesives, require lower softening points. Copolymerization of a C-8—C-10 vinyl aromatic fraction with piperylenes in the presence of a C-4—C-8 mono-olefin chain-transfer stream yields resins with softening points ranging from 0—40°C (44). A particular advantage of these Hquid resins is the fact that they eliminate the need for plasticizers or oils in some pressure sensitive adhesive appHcations. 

Butylenes are C Hg mono-olefin isomers 1-butene, <7j -2-butene, trans-2-huX.en.e and isobutylene (2-methylpropene). These isomers are usually coproduced as a mixture and are commonly referred to as the fraction. These fractions are usually obtained as by-products from petroleum refinery and petrochemical complexes that crack petroleum fractions and natural gas Hquids. Since the fractions almost always contain butanes, it is also known as the B—B stream. The linear isomers are referred to as butenes. 

Unsubstituted monocyclic mono-olefins, e.g. cyclopentene and cyclo-octene, which yield polypentenamers and polyoctenamers respectively. 

Both conjugated and isolated dienes are usually accessible by extension of the methods suitable for mono-olefins. Allylic functions for ehmination may be produced by double bond introduction a to a functional group or by allylic substitution of an olefin. Both reduction of allylic systems to mono-olefins and elimination to give dienes, may involve rearrangement. 

Free radical additions to mono-olefins are quite common and can frequently be employed to advantage on a synthetic scale. Formamide, for example, on exposure to sunlight or UV radiation adds to olefins in an anti-Markovnikov sense giving 1 1 adducts that are readily isolated and crystallized. Moreover, since alkyl formamides may be conveniently converted to carboxylic acids by conventional means, the reaction represents a general method of chain extension. 

The mechanism of the polymerization contains ionic intermediate steps. The free H+ goes to a carbenium ion and, as shown in route B, rearranges to form tetrapropylene. It is highly likely that this actual tetrapropylene exists only in very small concentrations. The product variety is explained by the rearrangement of the carbenium ion to dodecene isomers according to route C. In addition, short-chain olefins formed by fragmentation (route D). Polymerization proceeds at almost 100% to mono olefins. Aromatics, paraffins, and diolefins exist only in trace amounts. The propylene tetramer is best characterized by its distillation range. 

Mono-olefin and acetylene complexes of nickel, palladium and platinum... 

The heats of hydrogenation of the olefins are derived from measured heats of hydrogenation by Kistiakowsky and co-workers (see also Ref. 43). Those of the dienes have been obtained from heats of formation of butadiene and of isoprene and the heats of formation of the corresponding mono-olefins Heats of hydrogenation of the last four monomers listed in the table are from direct measurements by Kistiakowsky and co-workers. ... 

An unusual series of nonterpenoid aliphatic isothiocyanates from a Fijian Pseudaxinyssa sp. was evident by their strong IR absorption [68]. After silica gel and reverse-phase HPLC experiments, the structures of (Z,Z)-1,18-diisothiocyanooctadeca-1,17-diene (134, n = 14), mp 15°C, and seven other di-olefinic a,bisisothiocyanates (135, n = 9-18) and three a-isothiocyano-co-formyl mono-olefins (136, n = 9, 15, 16) were also identified by spectral data... 

A continuous cross-flow filtration process has been utilized to investigate the effectiveness in the separation of nano sized (3-5 nm) iron-based catalyst particles from simulated Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalyst/wax slurry in a pilot-scale slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR). A prototype stainless steel cross-flow filtration module (nominal pore opening of 0.1 pm) was used. A series of cross-flow filtration experiments were initiated to study the effect of mono-olefins and aliphatic alcohol on the filtration flux and membrane performance. 1-hexadecene and 1-dodecanol were doped into activated iron catalyst slurry (with Polywax 500 and 655 as simulated FT wax) to evaluate the effect of their presence on filtration performance. The 1-hexadecene concentrations were varied from 5 to 25 wt% and 1-dodecanol concentrations were varied from 6 to 17 wt% to simulate a range of FT reactor slurries reported in literature. The addition of 1-dodecanol was found to decrease the permeation rate, while the addition of 1-hexadecene was found to have an insignificant or no effect on the permeation rate. 

The objective of the present study is to develop a cross-flow filtration module operated under low transmembrane pressure drop that can result in high permeate flux, and also to demonstrate the efficient use of such a module to continuously separate wax from ultrafine iron catalyst particles from simulated FTS catalyst/ wax slurry products from an SBCR pilot plant unit. An important goal of this research was to monitor and record cross-flow flux measurements over a longterm time-on-stream (TOS) period (500+ h). Two types (active and passive) of permeate flux maintenance procedures were developed and tested during this study. Depending on the efficiency of different flux maintenance or filter media cleaning procedures employed over the long-term test to stabilize the flux over time, the most efficient procedure can be selected for further development and cost optimization. The effect of mono-olefins and aliphatic alcohols on permeate flux and on the efficiency of the filter membrane for catalyst/wax separation was also studied. 

Polywax 500 and 655 (polyethylene fraction with average molecular weights of 500 and 655, respectively), purchased from Baker Petrolite, Inc., was used to prepare simulated FT wax (i.e., solvent) for the evaluation of flltration performance with and without the presence of aliphatic alcohol and mono-olefin in the FT wax. 1-dodecanol (ACS reagent, > 98%, Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.) and 1-hexadecene (GC standard grade reagent, > 99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.) were used as model... 

Asinger, F. 1968. Mono-olefins chemistry and technology. Oxford Pergamon. 

Asinger, F., Mono-olefins Chemistry and Technology, translated by B. J., Hazzard, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1968, 426. 

DeFine [Di-olefine saturation] A process for converting di-olefins to mono-olefins by selective dehydrogenation. Developed by UOP for use with its Pacol process. First commercialized in 1986 and now incorporated in all new Pacol plants. Six units were operating in... 

Herberhold, M. Metall 7r- complexes. Vol. 2. Complexes with mono- olefinic ligands. Amsterdam Elsevier Part I. 1972, Part 11. 1974... 

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