Textiles, resin-treated

The work to be reported on here involves an approach of treating normal clothing in order to achieve a level of protection through repellency. It was reasoned that resin treated textile might be repellent to sprays, hence reducing dermal exposure. At the same time, it was hope that the woven textile might retain... 

The future for amino resins and plastics seems secure because they can provide quaHties that are not easily obtained in other ways. New developments will probably be in the areas of more highly specialized materials for treating textiles, paper, etc, and for use with other resins in the formulation of surface coatings, where a small amount of an amino resin can significantly increase the value of a more basic material. Additionally, since amino resins contain a large proportion of nitrogen, a widely abundant element, they may be in a better position to compete with other plastics as raw materials based on carbon compounds become more costly. 

Urea. Urea (carbamide) CH4N2O, is the most important building block for amino resins because urea—formaldehyde is the largest selling amino resin, and urea is the raw material for melamine, the amino compound used in the next largest selling type of amino resin. Urea is also used to make a variety of other amino compounds, such as ethyleneurea, and other cyclic derivatives used for amino resins for treating textiles. They are discussed later. 

Formaldehyde. Pure formaldehyde, CH2O, is a colorless, pungent smelling reactive gas (see Formaldehyde). The commercial product is handled either as soHd polymer, paraformaldehyde (13), or in aqueous or alcohoHc solutions. Marketed under the trade name Formcel, solutions in methanol, / -butanol, and isobutyl alcohol, made by Hoechst-Celanese, are widely used for making alcohol-modified urea and melamine resins for surface coatings and treating textiles. 

Formaldehyde has hundreds of uses. Its largest use is in the production of synthetic resins. Many formaldehyde resins are hard plastics used in molding and laminates. Formaldehyde resins are used to treat textiles to make them wrinkle-free. It is also used to produce adhesives, which are used extensively in the production of plywood and particleboard. Other common uses are as disinfectants, fungicides, and preservatives. Formalin has been the traditional embalming fluid used in the mortuary industry for the last century. Formaldehyde is also used in papermaking, textile production, and fertilizers. 

Part II Properties of Resin-Treated, Artificially Aged Cotton Textiles... 

Degraded Textiles, Part II Properties of Resin-Treated, Artificially Aged Cotton Textiles, Adv. Chem. Ser. 1977,164, 249-260. 

Use Urea-formaldehyde resins, molding adhesives, treating textiles and wood. 

Improved evaluation of the crease-resistance of resin-treated fabrics. Reprinted Textile Finishing Bull. 122, American Cyanamid Co., Bound Brook, N. J. (1948). 

Resin Treated Artificially Aged Cotton Textiles," Adv. Chem. (1977) 3M, 249-260. 

Cyanalube Softener TSI Spec. [Am. Cyanamid] Polyethylene emulsion textile softener inqiroves tear strength of resin-treated cellulosic fibers. 

In the manufacture of amino resins every effort is made to recover and recycle the raw materials. However, there may be some loss of formaldehyde, methanol, or other solvent as tanks and reactors are vented. Some formaldehyde, solvents, and alcohols are also evolved in the curing of paint films and the curing of adhesives and resins appUed to textiles and paper. The amounts of material evolved in curing the resins may be small so that it may be difficult to justify the installation of complex recovery equipment. However, in the development of new resins for coatings and for treating textiles and paper, emphasis is being placed on those compositions that evolve a niinimum of by-products on curing. 

Uses Chemical intermediate for surfactants, ethers, esters antifoam in fermentation, paints, ceramics, rubber binder and lubricant for ceramics metalworking lubricants textile lubricant plasticizer for plastics, resin-treated papers antiblooming agent for pentachlorophenol-treated wood hydraulic fluids dyeing latex coagulant emollient, solvent in cosmetics defoamer for food-grade coatings and paper prods. boiler water additive (food contact) in food-pkg. adhesives Features provides low odor, low irritation, low toxicity to personal care prods. ... 

In addition to solution-spun textile fibres, granular breaks are also found in some carbon fibres, which reflect their acrylic fibre origin, and in alumina fibres. Granular breaks are also shown in the natural fibres, wool and hair, in cotton at zero moisture content, and in resin-treated, cross-linked cotton at intermediate humidities. 

Resin treated n. Usually a term descriptive of a textile material that has received an external resin application for stiffening or an internal fiber treatment (especially of cel-lulosics) to give wrinkle resistance or permanent press characteristics. 

By inclusion of a limited amount of water or alcohol in the synthesis, oligomers of this type can be made with controlled hydroxyl content. Such products are exemplified by Akzo Nobel s Fyrol 51 or Fyrol 58 flame retardants which are useful as reactive oligomers in thermosets. In resin-treated automotive air filters this type of product is chemically linked into the resin and resists leaching by water when the filters are cleaned. Fyrol 51 has also found utility in making flame-retarded polyurethanes and textile flnishes. 

Resorcinol reacts with formaldehyde to produce a liquid RF resin, which is used in the preparation of an REE dip to treat textile fabric to achieve good rubber-to-fabric adhesion. 

Some amino resins are used as additives to modify the properties of other materials. For example, a small amount of amino resin added to textile fabric imparts the familiar wash-and-wear quaUties to shirts and dresses. Automobile tires are strengthened by amino resins which improve the adhesion of mbber to tire cord (qv). A racing sailboat may have a better chance to win because the sails of Dacron polyester have been treated with an amino resin (1). Amino resins can improve the strength of paper even when it is wet. Molding compounds based on amino resins are used for parts of electrical devices, botde and jar caps, molded plastic dinnerware, and buttons. 

Carpet. Carpet, an important textile, may also be treated to provide water and oU repeUency however, the principal functions of the current carpet treatments are to provide soU and stain resistance. High quaUty carpets, especiaUy those made from nylon, polyester, or wool, have a significant proportion of the surface coated with fluorochemical materials. The treatments can be spray-appUed to a finished carpet or appUed directly to the fiber during the spinning or dyeing operations. Suitable fluorinated resin materials are readily avaUable from 3M or DuPont. 

Eor instance, exhaust appHcation is possible with cationic finishes which have an affinity for the anionic groups in polymeric materials. After appHcation, the textile is dried. Durable antistatic finishes require cross-linking of the resin. Cross-linking is usually achieved by subjecting the treated, dried material to heat curing. A catalyst is often incorporated to accelerate insolubilization. 

A mixture of rubber latex and resorcinol-formaldehyde resin used to treat man-made and synthetic textiles to improve rubber/textile adhesion. 

Three industries were suspected to cause the BDE-209 contamination along the Vero River the first one, a textile industry which produced polyester fibers treated with flame retardants, the second one produced epoxy resins, and the third one is focused on the polyamide polymerization. Moreover, the effluent of the industrial park at the discharge site to the Vero River was also analyzed. Analysis of industrial effluents of each industry revealed that industry focused on the polyamide polymerization is the main responsible of the BDE-209 contamination, with concentration levels around 2,600 ng/L (Table 5). Nevertheless, the two other industries also contribute in some way to the total contamination. 

Extensive use of these resins is found in textile and paper-treating and surface coatings. Many types of clothing also can be given a permanent press by an amino resin treatment. Amino resins can be molded and are used for radio cabinets, buttons, switch plate covers, dishware, and Formica. 

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