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Cotton textiles

THPOH—Ammonia—Tris Finish. By far the most effective finish for polyester—cotton textiles was a system based on the THPOH—NH treatment of the cotton component either foUowed or preceded by the appUcation of Tris finish to the polyester component. This combined treatment appeared to be effective on almost any polyester—cotton blend. A large amount of fabric treated in this way was sold throughout the United States and much of the rest of the world. Shortly after the introduction of Tris finishing, Tris was found to be a carcinogen. Most of the Tris treated production was in children s sleepwear, and this created a situation in which almost aU chemical fire-retardant-treated textiles were unfairly condemned as dangerous. Manufacturers mshed to replace chemically treated textiles with products produced from inherently flame-resistant fibers. Nowhere was the impact more severe than in the children s sleepwear market. New, safer materials have been introduced to replace Tris. Thus far none has been as completely effective. [Pg.491]

The first large-scale use of chlorine was for bleaching paper and cotton textiles it also is widely used as a germicide for public water supplies. Presently it is used principally in production of the chemical compounds sulfur chloride, thionyl chloride, phosgene, aluminum chloride, iron(ni) chloride, titaniura(IV) chloride, tin(IV) chloride, and potassium chlorate. [Pg.266]

An older method of cellulose fiber modification is mercerization [22,33-36], which has been widely used on cotton textiles. Mercerization is an alkali treatment of cellulose fibers. It depends on the type and concentration of the alkalic solution, its temperature, time of treatment, tension of the material, and the additives used [33,36]. At present there is a tendency to use mercerization for natural fibers as well. Optimal conditions of mercerization ensure the improvement of the tensile properties [33-35,37] and absorption characteristics [33-35], which are important in the composing process. [Pg.795]

Bis(tri-ra-butyltin) oxide, BusSnOSnBua, is an organotin chemical very effective in, and widely used for, the protection of such cellulosic materials as cotton textiles, wood, and cellulose-based household-... [Pg.53]

But not all the potash, kelp, and barilla in Europe and North America could keep up with the cotton textile factories of Britain and France. France was in a particularly dire situation. Even under normal conditions, her natural sources of alkali were insufficient. Then France supported the American War of Independence, and British ships cut off the French supply of American potash. With gunpowder and textile industries dependent on potash, France had to find a way to make artificial alkali. [Pg.6]

Ligure 6 presents the carbon footprint of cotton textiles and of synthetic textiles. In the case of cotton, different yarn thickness are taken into account. They are expressed on dedtex (abbreviated dtex). In the case of synthetic textiles, only yam thickness of 70 dtex is taken into account. [Pg.296]

Figure 6. Carbon footprint of cotton textiles with yarn thickness comprised between 70 and 300 dtex (left) and synthetic textiles - acryl, nylon, PET, elastane-, with yarn thickness of 70 dtex (right) [59]... Figure 6. Carbon footprint of cotton textiles with yarn thickness comprised between 70 and 300 dtex (left) and synthetic textiles - acryl, nylon, PET, elastane-, with yarn thickness of 70 dtex (right) [59]...
IsiK M, Sponza DT (2004) Anaerobic/aerobic sequential treatment of a cotton textile mill wastewater. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 79 1268-1274... [Pg.153]

Cotton textile material and used dyes for painting contain a lot of such bonds and groups and probably create hydrogen and other chemical bonds with mustard agent. According to reference [3] remained toxic substances bonded chemically samples do not exert influence on the physiological condition of the organism. [Pg.187]

Mercerization A process for modifying cotton textiles by treatment with alkali. The alkali is cold, conentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide it is subsequently removed by washing with acetic acid. The process is generally conducted while the textile is held under tension. The product has improved lustre and is easier to dye. Invented by J. Mercer in 1844. [Pg.174]

Jurglel, J. A Ryckman Edgerly Tomllson associates "ATMI/IHF study of U. S. cotton textile workers," Amer. [Pg.158]

There is therefore a need to investigate atopy, particularly as that variable may interact with dust exposure, in cotton textile mills." The reader is left with the thought that perhaps "reactors" who exhibit symptoms of acute byssinosis in a cotton mill might be in some sense people who are not obvious asthmatics but who, however, have some minimal or borderline type of asthma or other mildly increased bronchial sensitivity. Merchant et al. (51) tested workshift declines in FEVi workers exposed to cotton dust. In their summary they state "The patterns of FEVi response over a week suggest that there are distinct individual patterns of response not dependent upon previous cotton dust exposure."... [Pg.218]

The prevalence of byssinosis is less in nontextile cotton industries than in the cotton textile industry. It is... [Pg.246]

Brown and coworkers (17) determined the silica content of gin dusts from Mississippi. The ratio of silica content to silicon was much higher than the corresponding ratio for cotton textile mills. [Pg.328]

While much work has been done establishing a data base showing expected ranges and profiles of the inorganic compositions of a number of cotton plant parts and dusts collected in cotton textile plants, much more work is needed to establish if any of these are at concentrations which could cause health problems. Establishment of methods to predict the origins and levels of the various components of cotton dust is also important. [Pg.330]

Rautenbach and MeUis [75] describe a process in which a UF-membrane fermentor and a subsequent NF-treatment of the UF-permeate are integrated. The retentate of the NF-step is recycled to the feed of the UF-membrane reactor (Fig. 13.8). This process has been commercialised by Wehrle-Werk AG as the Biomembrat -plus system [76] and is well suited for the treatment of effluents with recalcitrant components. The process also allows for an additional treatment process, like adsorption or chemical oxidation of the NF-retentate, before returning the NF-retentate to the feed of the UF-membrane fermentor. Usually, the efficiency of these treatment processes is increased as the NF-retentate contains higher concentrations of these components. Pilot tests with landfiU leachates [75] and wastewater from cotton textile and tannery industry have been reported [77]. An overview of chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and COD concentrations in the permeate are shown in... [Pg.538]

Boric acid (boracic acid H BO ) is used for the manufacture of glass, welding, mattress batting, cotton textiles, and a weak eyewash solution. [Pg.178]

Sharma, M.A. Treatment of cotton textile mills effluent - a case study. Colourage 1989, 36, 15-21. Schulze-Rettmer, R. Treatment of textile dyeing wastewater by adsorption/bio-oxidation process. Text. Chem. Color. 1998, 30, 19-23. [Pg.396]

Follow-up of cotton textile workers in China found that workers who consistently reported reversible symptoms such as chest tightness at work had significantly greater 15-year loss of FEVi, suggesting that long-term cotton dust exposure was associated with permanent obstructive impairments." ... [Pg.184]

Epidemiological studies have indicated that prevalence of byssinosis among cotton workers can be correlated with the average concentration of lint-free dust of particle size under 15 p in diameter and with the number of years of exposure. Specifically, in a follow-up study of 66 cotton textile workers, with an additional 10 years of exposure, the prevalence of byssinosis increased from 23% to 43% in the female workers and from 23% to 52% in the male workers. ... [Pg.185]

Christiani DC, Wang XR, Pan L, et al Longitudinal changes in pulmonary function and respiratory s)nnptoms in cotton textile workers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163(4) 847-853, 2001... [Pg.185]

Pratt PC, Vollmer RT, Miller JA Epidemiology of pulmonary lesions in nontextile and cotton textile workers—a retrospective autopsy analysis. Arch Environ Health 35 133-138, 1980... [Pg.185]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.94 , Pg.96 , Pg.195 ]




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