Epoxy resins producers

Trademarks of the principal epoxy resin producers are as follows ... 

Trademarks of the principal epoxy resin producers are as follows Shell Chemical Co. (EPON. EPONOL. Epikotel Dow Cliemicul Co. (D.E.R.. D.E.N.. D.E.H.. Tactix. Quatrex) CIBA-GEIGY Corp. (Araldite) Dainippon Ink and Chemicals (Epoluf. Kelpoxy) and Union Carbide Co. (Unox). 

UMEs used in our laboratory were constructed by sealing of carbon fibre into low viscosity epoxy resin (see Fig. 32.4) [118]. This method is simple, rapid and no specialised instrumentation is required. Firstly, the fibres are cleaned with this aim. They are immersed in dilute nitric acid (10%), rinsed with distilled water, soaked in acetone, rinsed again with distilled water and dried in an oven at 70°C. A single fibre is then inserted into a 100- iL standard micropipette tip to a distance of 2 cm. A small drop of low-viscosity epoxy resin (A. R. Spurr, California) is carefully applied to the tip of the micropipette. Capillary action pulls the epoxy resin, producing an adequate sealing. The assembly is placed horizontally in a rack and cured at 70°C for 8h to ensure complete polymerization of the resin. After that, the electric contact between the carbon fibre and a metallic wire or rod is made by back-filling the pipette with mercury or conductive epoxy resin. Finally, the micropipette tip is totally filled with epoxy resin to avoid the mobility of the external connection. Then, the carbon fibre UME is ready. An optional protective sheath can be incorporated to prevent electrode damage. 

Parts from PVDF can be machined, sawed, coined, metallized, and fusion bonded more easily than most other thermoplastics. Fusion bonding usually yields a weld line that is as strong as the part. Adhesive bonding of PVDF parts can be done epoxy resins produce good bonds.24 Because of a high dielectric constant and loss... 

Although the cured epoxy resins produced by the three typical curing mechanisms have different structure, the temperature dependence of the dynamic mechanical dispersion is similar as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, but Tg is different. Therefore, in order to check the relationship between the structure and Tg, q should be identical. 

Epoxy resins produced by the reaction of bisphenol A and epichloro-hydrin are versatile polymers with several useful properties (subsection 2.2.2.1). However, one significant weakness is their brittle nature. Incorporation of plasticisers is not very useful. Dibutyl phthalate is an exception, showing good compatibility but offering only limited ability to flexibilise the resin. Moreover, plasticisers affect the mechanical properties and chemical resistance of the cured system. With polyurethanes it is possible to complement the flexibility of the epoxy system. Numerous attempts have been made to combine the two types to achieve beneficial modifications (Lee and Nivelle, 1967). These modifications proved successful under high-temperature cure but inferior results were obtained for ambient cures. 

Figure 1. Total demand forecast for epoxy resins produced in the United States.

Shell Chemical has produced EPON HPT epoxy resins, which are used in large parts made of graphite-7 reinforced prepreg material for primary aircraft structures. EPON 9000 series of epoxy resins produced by the same company have been used for fabricating, by wet filament winding process, fuselages and other large components that have been used in the prototype of Beech Aircraft s experimental small business aircraft, the Starship 1. 

All epoxy resins produce acetaldehyde during pyrolysis at below 250 °C. Heat a sample of the material in a pyrolysis tube in an oil batb to 240 °C. Pass the vapors onto filter paper which has been moistened with a fresh aqueous solution of 5 % sodium nitroprussate and morpholine. A blue color... 

Estimated average prices for epoxy resin products in North America are given in Table 3. As with other petrochemical-based products, they depend on crude-oil prices. Prices of multifunctional resins are typically higher. They are based on more expensive raw materials than DGEBA resins and involve more complex manufacturing procedures. A listing of some major epoxy resin producers and the trade names of their products is shown in Table 4. 

Table 4. List of Some Epoxy Resin Producers and Their Product Trade Names...

Working electrodes made of other materials such as the ultratrace graphite electrode (porous graphite structure impregnated with epoxy resin, produced by Metrohm, Switzerland), have much shorter lead-in times. The relatively rapid response of this kind of electrode arises from its semimicro electrode properties [48]. 

The first commercial epoxy resins produced from a common reaction between epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A (DGEBA) were pioneered, almost simultaneously, by the Swiss inventor P. Castan (under the Ciba Company license) and by S. O. Greenlee (woiking with Devoe Reynolds Company) back in the 1940s (Pascault and Williams 2010). Since then, the versatility of epoxies and the innovation in formulation has resulted in plenty of epoxy resin-based materials, with uses across an enormously wide variety of industries (Petrie 2005). Nowadays, engineered nano-structured epoxy-based materials can be manufactured and potentially used as novel functional materials for a number of new applications in... 

It is generally accepted that degradation of epoxy resins starts by dehydration of secondary alcoholic groups followed by homolytic scission of the formed allylic bond [34, 35]. There have been various studies carried out for the brominated epoxy resin treatment. In the study of Balabanovich [33], brominated epoxy resin produces gases and oil as pyrolysis products at the temperature of about 100 °C. However, these pyrolysis volatiles are contaminated by brominated phenols, brominated alkanes, and HBr, which is a difficult point for pyrolysis of brominated epoxy resin. 

Yueyang Petrochemical General Works, with 16 500 employees, manufactures PP, PS, epoxy resin, polyester staple fibre, nylon-66 and many other petrochemical products. The company is the largest epoxy resin producer in China with annual capacity of 25 000 tonnes. It is a major PBT producer in China and also produces PET resins with capacity of 150 000 tonnes annually. 

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