Fiber Treatments

Chemicals. Both organic and inorganic fluorine-containing compounds, most of which have highly speciali2ed and valuable properties, are produced from HF. Typically these fluorinated chemicals are relatively complex, sometimes difficult to manufacture, and of high value. These materials include products used as fabric and fiber treatments, herbicide and pharmaceutical intermediates, fluoroelastomers, and fluorinated inert Hquids. Other products include BF, SF, and fluoborates. 

I. Activation of the copolymer by heating t = 170°C) (before fiber treatment), and... 

As has been extensively discussed, the efficiency of fiber treatment is mainly interdependent with the adhesion between matrix and fiber. This has been shown, for example, in examinations of wood fiber HDPE composites by Raj et al. [56]. Similar results, with definite... 

Hollow fiber membrane(s), 70 766 76 1-31 additional types of, 76 24 advantages of, 76 3 categories of, 76 2-3 in desalination, 76 22 development of, 76 1 extractors, 70 787 fiber treatment for, 76 12-18 future prospects for, 76 26-28 glass and inorganic, 76 23-24 handling and unit assembly of, 76 15-18 interpenetrated wall matrix in, 76 15 low pressure, 76 24-26 macrovoids in, 76 12 materials associated with, 76 18-24 melt spinning of, 76 9-10... 

Treating, information sources for, 75 766 Treatment and storage and disposal facilities (TSDFs), 27 588 Treatment, in-line fiber treatment, 76 12 Treatment plants... 

In a series of human studies at the University of Nebraska, a total of 285 human adults were fed several different fiber sources during experimental periods of 5 to 7 days each. Some subjects received more than one test fiber treatment however, all subjects received at least one fiber source as well as receiving the controlled basal diet during one period which included no added fiber... 

Fiber treatment None Std. None Std. None Std. None Std... 

Dauksys, R.J. (1973). Graphite fiber treatments which affect fiber surface morphology and epoxy bonding characteristics. J. Adhesion 5, 211-244. 

Van Fo Fy, G.A. (1967). A study of the effect of fiber treatment on stress distribution in glass-reinforeed plastie struetures. Prikladuaya Makhanika 3, 106-112. 

Miettinen, T. A., and S. Tarpila. Serum lipids and cholesterol metabolism during guar gum, Plantago ovata and high fiber treatments. Clinica Chim Acta 1989 183 253-262. 

Similarly, Plueddemann has reported [3c] an optimum silane coupling agent layer thickness of 50-200 A for commercial glass fiber treatment for use in composite materials. On the contrary, optimum adhesion of polypropylene to aluminum was obtained with a silane primer layer between 0.5 and 10 pm thick. In... 

Polymeric fibers are popular for reinforcing concrete matrices because of their low density (more number of fibers for a prescribed volume fraction), high tensile strength, ease of dispersion, relative resistance to chemicals, and relatively low cost compared to other kinds of fibers. Polypropylene and polyolefin fibers are typically hydrophobic, resulting in a relatively poor bond with concrete matrices compared to some other types of fibers. Treatment of polypropylene with an aqueous dispersion of colloidal alumina or silica and chlorinated polypropylene enhances the affinity of these fibers toward cement particles. Treatment of polypropylene fibers with a surface-active agent provides better dispersion of the fibers and a stronger bond between cement and fiber. The earlier attempts at surface treatments of polypropylene fibers have had only limited success and have not been commercially attractive. 

Scheme 1. Silicon content on a cotton fiber, treatment with silicone softener at 40 and 60 °C, 0 to 1200, XPS...

Polymer Synthesis Fiber treatment Negative resists Positive resists... 

The importance of softeners in fiber treatment has long been recognized. They were routinely used in the textile industry for the lubricity and flexibility they... 

Kerensim. [Henkel-Nopco] Alkyl polyethoxy Kters and eAers antistat, humectan fiber treatment... 

Plasma Treatment of Textile Fibers Treatment of Wool... 

For longer-term interactions, if the pH of the surrounding solution is below the isoionic point of hair, the hair will pick up acid, and if it is above its isoionic point, it will attract hydroxide ions more readily. For short-term and surface interactions, the isoelectric point is more important than the isoionic point. The isoionic point becomes more important to whole-fiber treatments such as perms and bleaches. 

The current version ( ) of the fiber treatment process employs a drawing rig equipped with a solvent treatment tube where an as-spun PET monofilament briefly contacts a swelling agent, causing rapid crystallization of surface layers. Solvent exchange and drying steps quench the crystallization before the fiber is drawn between feed and take-up rolls. A skln/core morphology results... 

Because of the intimate coupling among sorption, crystallization and cavitation during SINC, one must examine all three to fully characterize the fiber treatment process. The preliminary results of our experimental investigations of PET exposed to methylene chloride at unit activity reveal several features of SINC not previously discussed in the literature. 

Figure lb. Schematic representation of discontinuous swelling accompanying sorption of an Interactive solvent during the fiber treatment process. (D) moving boundary separating swollen from unswollen polymer (E) threshold concentration for polymer swelling. 

Equations 6-8 apparently represent the sorption and crystallization behavior in films reasonably well (26), and should adequately represent fiber treatments for short contact times. In the remaining section, we discuss some preliminary calculations with Equations 6-8, employing physical constants characteristic of SINC of PET at room temperature. 

One can simulate fiber treatment conditions by specifying appropriate surface boundary conditions. We consider the situations encountered experimentally. 

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