Research, AIDS

Sivin, Nathan. "Chinese alchemy as a science." In Nothing concealed (Wu Yin Lu) essays in honor of Liu (Aison-Goro) Yu-yiin, ed. Frederic Wakeman, 35-. Taipei Ch eng wen ch u pan she distributed by Chinese Materials and Research Aids Service Center, 1970. 

Received November 30, 1962. Research aided by Grant E-2608, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md.,... 

Work in chemical reaction characterization and analysis enables the prediction of missing enzymes and pathways. The concept of modules of compounds, or compound scopes, defines the extent to which a particular chemical compound plays a role in the metabolic compound network. This research aids... 

In agricultural research and application, isotopes and radiation play a part in so many fields and in so many ways that it is difficult to obtain a proper picture of their enormous importance. In laboratories isotopes are used routinely with an ever-increasing assortment of modern research aids. In emerging biotechnologies, which are used increasingly by scientists, isotopes are a basic tool without which research in molecular biology could not be done. 

Use Research aid for studying water purification, calcium exchange in clays, detergency, surface wetting and other surface phenomena, calcium uptake and deposition in bone, soil characteristics as related to soil utilization of fertilizer and crop yield, diffusion of calcium in glass, etc. 

Use Radiation therapy (cancer), radiographic testing of welds and castings, as a source of ions in gas-discharge devices, as the radiation source in liquid-level gauges, for locating buried telephone and electrical conduits, portable radiation units, y-irradiation for wheat and potatoes, as a research aid in studying the permeability of porous media to flow... 

Academia has seen a major shift toward the production of clinical candidates via translational research aided by universities themselves, government and foundation funding, and, in some cases, even outsourcing-for-equity use of CROs. The biotech industry now supplies an increasing number of clinical candidates to pharma via collaboration or acquisition, the value of such deals having gone up tremendously in recent years as pharma looks farther abroad for potential new blockbusters. Genentech, the California model of biotech success, has now become a different sort of model the financial stability afforded by big pharma (Roche) majority ownership combined with its relative autonomy has resulted in innovative new therapies as well as profits that would not have been attainable by either party alone. 

Robots in their essence have the purpose to replace human labor, not only in industrial applicatiOTis but also in other human activities. There are many applicaticHis connected to robotics, as for example in medicine, rescue operations, research, aiding the disabled people, etc. In order to fulfill the requirements of everyday life, robotic systems are inevitably becoming more and more sophisticated. The level of complexity demands novel or different research perspectives to be considered. 

W. Loob (2001), Robotics and electronics research aid building smart prostheses, in Medical Device and Diagnostic Industry, Jan., p. 64. 

It is necessary to briefly consider the current view on the mode of action of auxins in order to identify the basis of phytotoxicity of the auxin herbicides. However, in spite of 40 years of extensive research, aided by the use of the auxin herbicides, there is no universal view on the auxin binding sites (receptors) and the events following binding. 

The aim of this work which enter in a research project on NDT, is to conceive a system of aid for interpretation and taking decisions, on imperfections in metallic fusion welds, we have studied and tested several segmentation techniques based on the two approaches ( contour and regions ). A quantitative analysis will be applied to extract some relatives geometricals parameters. To the sight of these characteristics, a first classification will be possible. 

IL iiicliiilcs general references to aid you in more ileiailed study. Although these references arenot comprehensive, some are key references. Other references provide examples of research problem s n sing these computational methods. 

J. Dcifrini . Com pulcr-aidcd Molecular Modelling RescatTh Slitdy or Research Tool 1 Computer Aided Mulerular Dcsicn 2 17U IS J, lUSS. 

Just as a researcher will perform a literature synthesis for a compound, there are computer programs for determining a synthesis route. These programs have a number of names, among them synthesis design systems (SDS) or computer-aided organic synthesis (CAOS) or several other names. 

This book was designed to aid in research, rather than as a primary text on the subject. However, students may find some sections helpful. Advanced undergraduate students and graduate students will find the basic topics and applications useful. Beginners are advised to first become familiar with the use of computational chemistry software before delving into the advanced topics section. It may even be best to come back to this book when problems arise during computations. Some of the information in the advanced topics section is not expected to be needed until postgraduate work. 

The earliest ball and stick models were exactly that wooden balls in which holes were drilled to ac commodate dowels that connected the atoms Plastic versions including relatively inexpensive student sets became available in the 1960s and proved to be a valuable learning aid Precisely scaled stainless steel framework and plastic space filling models although relatively expensive were standard equipment in most research laboratories... 

Bearing, A., Computer-aided Molecular Modelling Research Study or Research Tool... 

Others would extend the fertiliser concept to the simultaneous addition of readily biodegradable substrates along with the fertiliser nutrients to stimulate the growth of contaminant-degrading organisms most rapidly, and to aid in the rapid utilisation of the fertiliser nutrients before they might be leached from the contaminated area. The specific requirements for the most efficacious substrates is an area of current research. 

The seminal discovery that transformed membrane separation from a laboratory to an industrial process was the development, in the early 1960s, of the Loeb-Sourirajan process for making defect-free, high flux, asymmetric reverse osmosis membranes (5). These membranes consist of an ultrathin, selective surface film on a microporous support, which provides the mechanical strength. The flux of the first Loeb-Sourirajan reverse osmosis membrane was 10 times higher than that of any membrane then avaUable and made reverse osmosis practical. The work of Loeb and Sourirajan, and the timely infusion of large sums of research doUars from the U.S. Department of Interior, Office of Saline Water (OSW), resulted in the commercialization of reverse osmosis (qv) and was a primary factor in the development of ultrafiltration (qv) and microfiltration. The development of electro dialysis was also aided by OSW funding. 

Construction. The addition of PEO to concrete has been a subject of several iavestigations (172). Research studies and patent Hterature suggests that PEO can be used as a pumping aid to concrete where the lubricity of PEO allows concrete to be pumped to longer distances (173—176). In addition, PEO is also used to disperse the water more uniformly ia the concrete mixture that promotes better uniformity of the concrete mixture. Eormulations ia the constmction industry are proprietary and not easily available. 

In 1972, the Agency for International Development (AID) cooperated with the Sulphur Institute to prepare a program to evaluate the feasibihty of using the sulfur surface-bond technique in developing countries. Afterwards AID awarded a contract to Southwest Research Institute to constmct houses in South America and Africa using this technique. Under the contract, about 60 houses have been completed (62). 

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