General Reference

Clearly in the limited space available it would not be possible to include all relevant references. Generally, references to patents have been omitted since it is frequently difficult to abstract meaningful information from patent literature, and references to communications have been omitted unless the work is particularly new or experimental details are included. In addition, where several references contain similar methodology and/or results, only... 

References General (textbooks that cover at an introductory level a variety... 

Additional tests on a capacitor VT The tests discussed above refer generally to the electromagnetic unit only. To test the whole VT, the following tests are recommended. For the test procedure and results refer to lEC 60186. 

For convenience so far we have referred generally to creep curves in the above examples. It has been assumed that one will be using the conect curves for the particular loading configuration. In practice, creep curves obtained under tensile and flexural loading conditions are quite widely available. Obviously it is important to use the creep curves which are appropriate to the particular loading situation. Occasionally it is possible to obtain creep curves for compressive or shear loading but these are less common. 

The following sections primarily describe many of the methods used for the cleavage of some of the more common phosphate protective groups. Since most of these groups are introduced by either the phosphate or phosphite method, little information is included here about their formation. The cited references generally describe the means that were used to introduce the protective group. In some cases, methods of formation are described, but this is done only when alternative methods to the phosphate or phosphite procedure were used. 

P 10] The reaction was performed on 100 mg of Merrifield resin [75]. Absolute tetrahydrofuran was used as solvent and 4 h of agitation was employed. No other details are given in the reference. Generally, about 2 min were needed to perform a complete washing cycle. 

Reference General Test <905>, U.S. Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 24-NF 19,2000,... 

Reference General Test <731>, U.S. Pharmacopeia-National Formulary, USP 24—NF 19,2000, p. 1954. Remember safety glasses. 

American Petroleum Institute (API) References Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) References National Fire Protection Association References General References... 

We conclude that the phrase bear arms refers generally to the carrying or wearing of arms. It is certainly proper to use the phrase in reference to... 

The term wax refers generally to oligomeric polymer compounds having the following properties (24) ... 

In particular, EVA waxes refer generally to oligomeric polymer compounds. They are prepared by the copolymerization of ethylene monomers and vinyl acetate monomers in the same way as the high molecular weight types. 

The book is arranged in 14 chapters. After discussing general aspects, separation of hydrocarbons from natural sources and synthesis from Ci precursors with the most recent developments for possible future applications, each chapter deals with a specific type of transformation of hydrocarbons. Involved fundamental chemistry, including reactivity and selectivity, as well as stereochemical considerations and mechanistic aspects are discussed, as are practical applications. In view of the immense literature, the coverage cannot be comprehensive and is therefore selective, reflecting the authors own experience in the field. It was attempted nevertheless to cover all major aspects with references generally until the early 1994. 

First, we note that miscibility and compatibility mean the same thing. The former refers generally to liquid systems, whereas, the latter usually designates solid systems. There are two aspects of the question of miscibility Will the two liquids mix (thermodynamics), and how long would this process take (kinetics) The second aspect is important in polymer-polymer and polymer-monomer systems, because of the low diffusivities involved. Thermodynamically, the mixture will be stable if, at temperature T,... 

Because of the unique spatial characteristics of the absorption properties of the chromophores of vision, the literature can be misleading. There are frequent references to the orientation of the chromophores with relation to the surface of the disks (or the axis of the disk stack). These references generally proclaim that the long axis of the chromophores is located in the plane of the disks and are, in order to avoid polarization sensitivity, randomly oriented in that plane (See previous reference to Wyszecki Stiles). Such an assumption is based on the additional assumption that the molecules show maximum sensitivity to radiation applied with a Poynting vector that is perpendicular to the long axis... 

Tholin A term used in planetary science to refer generally to organic heteropolymers the reddish tar-like organic residue created in simulations of the action of ultraviolet radiation on gases typically found in planetary environments... 

Instrument Calibration Sampling Techniques Fluorescence Problems Raman Difference Spectroscopy Miniature Raman Spectrometers References General References... 

For example, diamond is a metastable modification of carbon that is out of thermodynamic equilibrium under ordinary external conditions. The equilibrium forms of numerous materials referred generally to as glasses are crystalline phases, but the glass materials are interesting because they exist in a state that is not crystalline and is a thermodynamically... 

References General. 73,163,172,179. Applied and computational complex analysis. 141,146, 179. 

References General (textbooks that cover at an introductory level a variety of topics that constitute a core of numerical methods for practicing engineers), 2, 3, 4, 22, 56, 59, 70, 77, 133, 135, 143, 150, 155, 219. Numerical solution of nonlinear equations, 153, 171, 237, 302. Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations, 76, 117, 127, 185, 257. Numerical solution of integral equa-... 

The symbol v is normally used to express the frequency of tmy given vibrational mode, in units of cm . Since most calculations are restricted to the harmonic approximation, the use of this symbol in the computational literature likewise refers generally to harmonic frequencies. In those cases where anharmonicity is added to the computations, the notation can become confusing in that v usually refers to the anharmonic value, with co reserved for the harmonic approximation to this frequency. The reader should therefore exercise some caution in scanning the original hterature. In this text, we will adopt the convention that v will represent the harmonic frequency in those cases where anharmonicity is included, the distinctions and notation will be clearly delineated. 

As we shall see, hydrolysis takes place with other compounds than esters usually in the presence of some catalytic agent, such as enzymes, so that the term hydrolysis refers generally to the decomposition of a compound by means of water, while saponification refers to the particular hydrolysis of an ester by means of water in the presence of an alkali, the product being a soap or a crystalline salt. 

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