Models space filling

FORMULA BALL -AND-STICK MODEL SPACE-FILLING MODEL... 

Chemists use both chemical names and molecular pictures to describe molecules. Molecular pictures take several forms, including structural formulas, ball-and-stick models, space-filling models, and line structures. These molecular representations can help you improve your ability to think molecules. ... 

Ball-and-stick model Space-filling model... 

Chemical Formula Structural Formula Ball-and-Stick Model Space-Filling Model... 

Molecular models (ball and stick models, space-filling models) which reproduce typical bond lengths and bond angels and hence stereochemical and congestional effects. However, certain aspects are not covered by the model they are, for instance, not soluble in cyclohexane in the same way as the original. 

The solution to any problem with a stereochemical aspect requires access to molecular models. Of these, there are two main kinds. The first is the skeletal or framework model such as those devised by Dreiding or Kendrew. These indicate the centres of bonds that join atoms, and are useful to find conformations suitable for interaction between two molecules. The other type of model, space-filling (e.g. CPK, or Courtauld), shows both the shape of the molecule and the volume that it occupies. This kind is very useful for showing the overall shape, surface and volume of a molecule. With practice, a chemist can learn to see a conformational drawing as a three-dimensional skeletal shape, and eventually as a space-filling molecule. There are also the CCS models, which are fundamentally skeletal models that can be quickly converted to space-filling types and back again (Clarke, 1977). 

Chemistry is dehned as a study of the elements and their properties. Most of the time chemists are interested not so much in the elements themselves but rather in molecules, which are combinations of elements into discreet units. The organic chemist normally thinks of a molecule by reference to a rather simple model, usually of the ball-and-stick type. Such models are extremely useful for aiding in the visualization of three-dimensional interactions between molecules and between parts of molecules. But they are also a little bit misleading. A real molecule is not static, the way the usual mechanical model is. Rather, it is undergoing rapid motions, both internally and externally. Molecular structure can be defined at different levels, which are useful for different kinds of purposes. As we go past the ball-and-stick model, to the hard sphere model (space-filling model), and then to the soft sphere model (computational chemistry), we obtain an increasingly accurate description of the molecule and its properties. 

New chapter-opening photo presentation on the combustion of methane with oxygen featuring integrated displa) of various chemical representations, including models (space-filling, ball-and-stick), chemical formulas (molecules and equations), and reacting systems. 

Line Electron Pairs Bonded Atoms Electron-Pair Geometry Ball-and-Stick Model Electron-Pair and Bond Angle Molecular Geometry Lewis Diagram Ball-and-Stick Model Space Filling Model Example Actual Bond Angle... 

Material models such as coloured plastic molecular scale models (ball-and-stick models, space-filling models),... 

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