Reproductive toxic effects

There is [sufficient, limited, insufficient] evidence in [humans and/or animals] that [chemicai/agent] [does or does not] cause [reproductive toxicity, effects on sexual Junction and fertility in males/females, developmental toxicity] when exposure is [route, dose range, timing, duration]. Relationship to adult toxicity stated. The data are [relevant, assumed relevant, irrelevant] to humans. The rationale for all decisions must be stated. 

Reproductive toxicity Effect(s) that may alter the normal reproductive process of an animal, (e.g., loss of fertility). 

Reproductive toxicity Effects that may alter the normal reproductive processes of an animal—for instance, loss of fertility Residue The pesticide remaining in a product after natural or other processes Respiratory distress syndrome A lung disease that occurs primarily in premature infants the newborn must struggle for each breath and blueing of its skin reflects the baby s inability to get enough oxygen can also affect adults Restricted-use pesticide (RUP) A pesticide that can be sold to or used by only certified applicators... 

California Chemical known to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity Effective date 02/27/87 BNA 2001... 

Some reproductive toxic effects cannot be clearly assigned to either impairment of sexual function and fertility or to developmental toxicity. Nonetheless, chemicals with these effects would be classified as reproductive toxicants with a general hazard statement. 

Testicular atrophy was the common reproductive toxic effect observed with these compounds. No teratogenicity was observed with glycol ethers of high molecular weight. 

The key health effects are reproductive toxicity (effects on fertility and on development) and liver effects following repeated exposure" (EU 2003a, p. 261). 

Isolute ENV+ was also used in the determination of A/ methyl-2-pyrrolidone and its metabolites in human plasma and urine [277]. At present, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone replaces hexane and dichloroethane in many chemical processes because it is thought to be less harmful to human health. However, animal studies revealed harmful and reproductive toxic effects. Because of this, the monitoring of individuals exposed to the solvent is not unreasonable. After entering the human body, N-methyl-2-pyrroli-done quickly metabolizes as... 

Practical experience. Information relevant to classification has to be added, such as known inhalative sensitizing effects and known carcinogenic or reproductively toxic effects on humans. 

Faisal, K., S. Parveen, R. Rajendran, et al. 2006. Male reproductive toxic effect of Quassia amara Observations on mouse sperm. /. 

A BLW is used when a BAT value carmot be established, as for carcinogenic or suspected carcinogenic substances. The BLW for lead is 40 pg/dL for all men and women older than 45 years old and 10 pg/dL for women younger than 45 years old. The bases for those values are the prevention of neurotoxic effects and minimization of reproductive toxic effects (DFG 2005). Lead and its inorganic compounds are considered to be in pregnancy-risk group B, which indicates probable risk of damage to an embryo or fetus even when the BLW is observed... 

Value is toxic dose low. TD q, the lowest dose of a substance introduced by any route other than inhalation, over any given period of time to which humans or animals have been exposed and reported to produce any nonsignificant toxic effect in humans or to produce nonsignificant tiimorigenic or reproductive effects in animals or humans. 

Reproductive Toxicity. No data are available that impHcate either hexavalent or trivalent chromium compounds as reproductive toxins, unless exposure is by way of injection. The observed teratogenic effects of sodium dichromate(VI), chromic acid, and chromium (HI) chloride, adininistered by injection, as measured by dose-response relationships are close to the amount that would be lethal to the embryo, a common trait of many compounds (111). Reported teratogenic studies on hamsters (117,118), the mouse (119—121), and rabbits (122) have shown increased incidence of cleft palate, no effect, and testicular degeneration, respectively. Although the exposures for these experiments were provided by injections, in the final study (122) oral, inhalation, and dermal routes were also tried, and no testicular degeneration was found by these paths. 

Di(2-ethylhexyi) adipate 0.4 0.4 General toxic effects or reproductive difficulties Leaching from PVC plumbing systems discharge from chemical factories... 

It needs to be noted that a toxic effect on the reproductive system may be mediated through alterations in normal functions of the central nervous system, gonads (ovaries, testicles), or on the pharmacokinetics of reproductive hormones. ... 

Toxicologists tend to focus their attention primarily on c.xtrapolations from cancer bioassays. However, tlicrc is also a need to evaluate the risks of lower doses to see how they affect the various organs and systems in the body. Many scientific papers focused on tlic use of a safety factor or uncertainty factor approach, since all adverse effects other than cancer and mutation-based dcvclopmcnUil effects are believed to have a tlu cshold i.e., a dose below which no adverse effect should occur. Several researchers have discussed various approaches to setting acceptable daily intakes or exposure limits for developmental and reproductive toxicants. It is Uiought Uiat an acceptable limit of exposure could be determined using cancer models, but today tliey arc considered inappropriate because of tlircsholds. ... 

A slight toxic effect ( toxic defined as negative effects on health, growth, and reproduction) of the treated receiving water on the green alga Spiropyra species as a typical representative of the P-mesosaprobic zone was observed, when the test unit was subjected to the impact of 40 ppm secondary alkanesulfonates. 

Considerable studies are required to establish the toxicological profile of the drug substance. These must assess its direct toxic effects, together with its potential as a reproductive toxin, mutagen, or carcinogen. 

Reproductive Toxicity—The occurrence of adverse effects on the reproductive system that may result from exposure to a chemical. The toxicity may be directed to the reproductive organs and/or the related endocrine system. The manifestation of such toxicity may be noted as alterations in sexual behavior, fertility, pregnancy outcomes, or modifications in other functions that are dependent on the integrity of this system. 

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