Skin reflectance

Mendelson Y., Ochs B.D., Noninvasive pulse oximetry utilizing skin reflectance photoplethysmography, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 1988 BME-35 798. 

Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) L skin reflectance a red/green axis b blue/yellow axis Skin blood flow... 

Reproductive toxicity Effects that may alter the normal reproductive processes of an animal—for instance, loss of fertility Residue The pesticide remaining in a product after natural or other processes Respiratory distress syndrome A lung disease that occurs primarily in premature infants the newborn must struggle for each breath and blueing of its skin reflects the baby s inability to get enough oxygen can also affect adults Restricted-use pesticide (RUP) A pesticide that can be sold to or used by only certified applicators... 

Estimated diffusion coefficients in the stratum comeum are up to 10,000 times smaller than that found anywhere else in the skin, reflecting in part the considerable density of this tissue. If diffusion is almost exclusively through the intercellular lipid regime within the homy tissue, as most experts believe, then the estimates, which range... 

Melanin is an insoluble, high-molecular-weight polymer of 5,6-dihydroxyindole, which is synthesized from tyrosine (Figure 17-23). It is produced by pigment cells (melanocytes) in cytoplasmic organelles (melanosomes). In the epidermis, melanocytes are associated with keratinocytes, which contain melanosomes supplied by melanocytes via dendritic processes. Color variation in human skin reflects the amount of melanin synthesized in melanosomes. Melanin synthesis is apparently under hormonal and neural regulation. 

These data clearly demonstrate that IPPSF flux profiles can be charactoized by five physical chemical parameters (H-acidity, H-basicity, S-Polarizability, and HjO solubility). The correlation of the AUC of the IPPSF flux profile to these parameters was high = 0.978), an important finding because AUC from skin would be the prime measure of systemic exposure in a toxicological risk assessment and could serve as the input function for a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for a compound. The IPPSF efflux profile from skin reflected by its AUC has been previously used as the input profile for predicting in vivo human plasma-concentration time profiles after transdermal drug delivery (Riviere, Williams, etal., 1992). 

Mendelson Y. and Solomita M.V. 1992. The feasibility of spectrophotometric measurements of arterial oxygen saturation from the scalp utilizing noninvasive skin reflectance pulse oximetry. Biomed. Instrum. Technol. 26 215. 

Mendelson Y. and McGinn M.J. 1991. Skin reflectance pulse oximetry In vivo measurements from the forearm and calf. /. Clin. Monit. 7 7. 

Nonpulsatile optical spectroscopy has been used for more than half a century for noninvasive medical assessment, such as in the use of multiwavelength tissue analysis for oximetry and skin reflectance measurement for bilirubin assessment in jaundiced neonates. These early applications have found some limited use, but with modest impact. Recent investigations into new nonpulsatile spectroscopy methods for assessment of deep-tissue oxygenation (e.g., cerebral oxygen monitoring), for evaluation of respiratory status at the cellular level, and for the detection of other critical analytes, such as glucose, may yet prove more fruitful. The former applications have led to spectroscopic studies of cytochromes in tissues, and the latter has led to considerable work into new approaches in near-infrared analysis of intact tissues. 

In this paper, we have developed a skin pigmentation model for melanin pigment (eumelanin /pheomelanin) analysis. The proposed model is based on modified Beer-Lambert law of skin reflectance model. Clinical study involving 118 participants with three different skin phototypes (SPTs) is conducted. In the study, it was found that the pheomelanin concentration is -4.6E5 5.4E-6 moles/1 for SPT III, -5.9E-5 6.4E-6 moles/1 for SPT IV, and -8.2E-5 9.8E-6 moles/1 for SPT V) and the eumelanin concentration is 9.7E-5 7.3E-6... 

Meghnsky, L, and Matcher, S. (2003) Computer simulation of the skin reflectance spectra. Computer Methods and Program in Biomedicine 179-186. 

AGES FLUORESCENCE OF PLASMA, URINE AND SKIN REFLECTS DIETARY EXPOSURE TO MAILLARD PRODUCTS IN FORMULA-FED INFANTS... 

AGEs Fluorescence of Plasma, Urine and Skin Reflects Dietary Exposure... 

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