Quassia amara

Quassia amara (Quassia) Schoenocaulon officinale (Sabadilla)... 

Quassinoids —The antileukaemic activity of some quassinoids has revived interest in this group. Three new biologically active compounds have been isolated. Quassimarin (118) occurs in Quassia amara with the inactive simalikalactone D (129) 86 Bruceoside A, from Brucea javanica, is the glucoside (120). The third... 

T riterp. azadirachtin-like tetranortritero. azadirachtin (neem teee,Azadirachta indicaA. Juss., Meliaceae, Ang. MI) Quassinoids (biosynthetically related to triterp.) including seco- and further degraded forms Quassia amara L., Sapindales, Ang. from Jamaica quassin DSII, and other metabolites Connolly 1997). 

JNeoquassin (= JNigakihemi- Picrasma spp., Quassia amara Bitter... 

Figure 5 Biological activities associated with quassinoids, from Simaroubaceae species, may not be linked to a common mechanism of action/ Different testing procedures have indicated insecticidal activity for quassin, anticancer activity for quassimarin (also present in Quassia amara) and antimalarial activity for simalikalactone-D/...

The demand for some hundreds of tons of fruit from Carapa guianensis, expected shortly to exceed the natural supply, is stimulating replanting of this species in the states of Amapa and Para where it had been decimated by the timber trade as a substitute for mahogany. Propagation studies already made with this species and with Quassia amara and Lonchocarpus urucu (by EMBRAPA) would make industrial production of these natural insecticides and repellents a short term undertaking. 

SimarubacecB or Ailanthus Family.—A family of chiefly tropical shrubs or trees containing bitter principles. The leaves are alternate and pinnate. The flowers are dioecious or polygamous and arranged in axillary panicles Picrasma excelsa) or racemes Quassia amara). The plants are distinguished from those of the Rutacea by the absence of secretory cavities. 

Botanical origin Picrasma excelsa Quassia amara... 

Bitterwood (Quassia amara) is a Latin American tree. The wood and bark contain quassia, an insecticide used for controlling several garden pests. 

Bird s eye rot. See Anthracnose Bitter rot, apple and, 24 Bittersweet. See Celastrus Bitterwood. See Quassia amara Blackberry, 43-44... 

In the French Gniana, many medicinal plants are nsed as traditional antimalaiial remedies. Of the different 23 species that were tested, Irlbachia alata, Picrolema pseudocoffea. Quassia amara, Tinospora crispa and the mnlti components recipe showed showed high in vitro activity against P. falciparum (23) (Table II). 

Quassia amara Simarou Leaves 20 g entire fresh leaves,boil for 10... 

Derivation The wood or bark of Picrasma excelsa or Quassia amara. 

QUASSIA, Quassiac lignum L. is the wood from Quassia amara L., or Picrasma excelsa Planchon, family Simarubaceae. (Fig. 8)... 

Quassia amara and Picrasma excelsa, native species of the tropics, primarily of South America and the West Indies, and other shrubby trees contain bitter substances toxic to sucking insects. In plant protection practice an aqueous extract is prepared from Quassia chips ( quassia ) at the site of application. Since the active substance decompose in water the aqueous extract is sprayed immediately after appropriate dilution. 

Quasslae lignum Quassia wood Quassia amara L. SURINAM Picrasma excelsa PLANCH. Simarubaceae MD Secotriterpenes (simariibalides) -0.25% quassin, neoquassin and 18-hydroxy-quassin (0.1%-0J.5%). Bl of the drug, 40000-50000 Bl of quassin/neoquassin, 17 x 10 Fig. 10... 

Neoquassin. Ih.Hydrt)xy-2.12-dimethoxypirrasa-2,12-d irne-i, /1 -dtone 3a,4t5,6a,7,7a,8tlla,Ilb,llc-deca-hydro-5-hydroxy-2,10-dimethoxy-3,8,l la,l lc-tetramethyl-phenanthro[10,l-bc]pyran-l,ll-dlone. C22HmO mol wt 390.46. C 67.67%, H 174%, O 24.59%. Found together with the quassin in the mixture of bitter constituents of the wood of Quassia amara L., Simaroubaceae. known in commerce as Surinam quassia. Forms quassin on oxidation. Isoln London eta/., J. Chem. Soc. 1950, 3431. Structure Valenta et al. Tetrahedron Letters 1960(20), 25 Carman, Ward, ibid. 1961, 317 Valenta et al. Tetrahedron 15, 100 (I960,... 

Picrasma exceisa (Sw ) Planch, or of Quassia amara L., Simaroubaceae. The first is known in commerce as Jamaica quassia, the second as Surinam quassia. Habit. Picrasma txelsa inhabits Jamaica and the Caribbeen Islands Quassia amara is a native of Brazil and Guiana and is cultivated in Colombia, Panama, and the West Indies. Quassin and neo quassin are the bitter principles of Surinam quassia picras-min, that of Jamaica quassia. These bitter pinctples are obtained in yields of 0.1-0.296 and appear commercially under the name of quassin. 

Quassia amara Wood is still widely used in traditional medicine and some quassinoids and quassinoid glycosides isolated from Quassia have received renewed attention due to their biological activity as potential antitumor agents [78]. 

Six new quassinoids were isolated from Quassia amara Wood, dihydronomeoquassin (191) [79], 1 l-a-<9-(P-D-glycopyranosyl)-16-a-O-methylneoquassin (192), 1-a-O-methylquassin (193), 12-a-hydroxy-13,18-dehydroparain (194), and 16-a-O-methylneoquassin (195), and 11-acetylparain (196) [78],... 

Reverse-phase (RP)-HPLC is probably the best system for purifying triterpenoids, principally when mixtures of isomers are present [35]. Gunther and Wagner in 1996 [36] carried out the separation and quantification of active triterpenes from Centella asiatica employing an RP system with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase. Recently, Gaspar et al. [37] described the complete separation of a mixture of triterpenoid isomers from the fruit of Arbutus unedo by HPLC coupled to a mass spectrophotometer by means of a particle beam interface (HPLC-PBMS). The separation of different quassinoids from crude bark of Quassia amara was developed by Vitanyi et al. [38] using a reverse-phase HPLC-MS... 

This reversal of orientation has been used to prepare (4) in a projected total synthesis of quassin (5), the bitter principle of Quassia amara, which contains... 

Jamaica quassia should not be confused with quassia Quassia amara) or senna Senna spp., formerly classified as Cassia spp.). 

---