Scientific papers

The chemistry community, like other scientific communities, depends on the communication of scientific results. Scientists communicate in a variety of ways, but much of the communication is through publication in books and journals. In this chapter, the different types of book and journal presentations are described, along with the components of the standard format for reporting original research. 

Books for the professional scientific community fall into one of three categories proceedings volumes, monographs, and handbooks. 

Monographs are books that examine a single topic in detail. They are written by one author or collaboratively by more than one author. Each chapter treats one subdivision of the broader topic. 

Handbooks are large, multiauthored volumes that discuss a held in depth. Generally, the individual submissions are short, about three or four pages. Each submission is written by one or two authors and provides a detailed discussion of a narrow topic within the scope of the book. 

There are four general types of presentations published in journals articles, notes, communications, and reviews. 

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Batchelor. G.K. (1958) G.I. Taylor, Scientific Papers, Volume /, Mechanics of Solids (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge). 

Silicon is today the most studied of all materials, with probably a larger accumulated number of scientific papers devoted to its properties than for any other substance. It is the archetype of a semiconductor and everybody knows about its transcendent importance in modern technology. 

Toxicologists tend to focus their attention primarily on c.xtrapolations from cancer bioassays. However, tlicrc is also a need to evaluate the risks of lower doses to see how they affect the various organs and systems in the body. Many scientific papers focused on tlic use of a safety factor or uncertainty factor approach, since all adverse effects other than cancer and mutation-based dcvclopmcnUil effects are believed to have a tlu cshold i.e., a dose below which no adverse effect should occur. Several researchers have discussed various approaches to setting acceptable daily intakes or exposure limits for developmental and reproductive toxicants. It is Uiought Uiat an acceptable limit of exposure could be determined using cancer models, but today tliey arc considered inappropriate because of tlircsholds. ... 

Joule, J. P. (1963). The Scientific Papers of Jimes Prescott Joule, 2 vols. London Dawson s. 

Newton, I. (1962). The Unpublished Scientific Papers of Isaac Newton A Selection from the Portsmouth Collection in the University Library, Cambridge, cd. A. R. Hall and M. B. Hall. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. 

Rankine, W. J. M. (1881). On the General Law of the Transformation of Energy. In Miscellaneous Scientife Papers From the Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal and Other Scientilic and Philosophical Societies, and the Scientilic Journals with a Memoir of the Author by P. G. Tait, ed. W. J. Millar. London C. Griffin. 

Archibald Scott Courier (1831-1892) was born in Kirkintilloch, Scotland, and studied at the universities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Paris. Although his scientific paper about the ability of carbon to form four bonds was submitted prior to a similar paper by Kekule, Couper never received credit for his work. His health began to decline after the rejection of his achievements, and he suffered a nervous breakdown in 1858. He then retired from further scientific work and spent the last 30 years of his life in the care of his mother. 

Herbert Charles Brown (1912-20D4) was born in London to Ukrainian parents and brought to the United States in 1914. Brown received his PhD. in 1938 from the University of Chicago, taught at Chicago and at Wayne State University, and then became professor of chemistry at Purdue University. The author of more than 1000 scientific papers, he received the 1979 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work on organoboranes. 

Henry Gilman (1893-1986) was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and received his Ph D. in 1918 at Harvard. He then became professor of chemistry at Iowa State University 11919-1962), where he remained active until his death at ago 93. An exuemely prolific researcher, Gilman published more than 1000 scientific papers during his career. Remarkably, he lost much of his eyesight at age 53 but still went or to accomplish some of fiis finest work in later years. 

Knight, D. M. (ed.) (1970) Papers on the Nature and Arrangement of the Chemical Elements, Classic Scientific Papers, 2nd series (New York Elsevier). 

B. Roozeboom Heterogen. Gleichgewichte, I., 1901 P. Saurel, Journ. Phys. Chem, 1902 P. Duhem, Zeitschr. physik. Client., 8, 867, 1891 Gibbs, Scientif. Papers, I.)... 

A mixture of gases which can undergo chemical change is distinguished from mixtures of inert gases ( 122) by the name gas mixture with convertible components (Gibbs, Scientific Papers, I. 172). 

Previous to the researches of Ivonowalow, the vapour pressures of mixtures had been investigated theoretically by G. Kirchhoff (Pogg. Ann. (1858), 103, 104 Ostw. Klass. No. 101), and by Gibbs Scientific Papers, Yol. I.). The latter had established the theorem relating to mixtures with stationary vapour pressures. 

It can be shown, (Gibbs, Scientific Papers, I. J. J. Thomson, Applications of Dynamics to Physics and Chemistry), that a chemical equilibrium can be modified by the action of capillary forces. Thus, a state of equilibrium in solution may conceivably be modified if the latter is in the form of thin films, such as soap bubbles. Since, according to Freundlich (Kapillarchemie, 116), there is at present no direct evidence of the existence of such modification (which would no doubt be exceedingly, though possibly measurably, small) we shall not enter any further into the matter here. 

World Scientific Series in 20th Century Chemistry - Vol. 10 LINUS PAULING — Selected Scientific Papers (In 2 Volumes) editors... 

Classic Scientific Papers translated and edited by Hinne Hettema... 

Chemists tend to be prolific authors. Some say they have a conceit of authorship, whereas others contend it is pride. Stacey was certainly proud of his many scientific papers (more than 350) and several books. In addition, he was founder-editor of three journals and he was a member of the editorial boards of several others. He was a supporter of Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry from its inception. He served on the advisory board for many years, was associate editor, and contributed to early volumes. 

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