Reproductive toxins

Dioxin and Furan Emissions. The emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-/)-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDF) from incinerators (4) are of interest to the pubHc, scientists, and engineers. The U.S. EPA classifies 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-/)-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) as the most potent carcinogenic compound it has evaluated. It is also Hsted as the agency s most potent reproductive toxin (4). 

Reproductive Toxicity. No data are available that impHcate either hexavalent or trivalent chromium compounds as reproductive toxins, unless exposure is by way of injection. The observed teratogenic effects of sodium dichromate(VI), chromic acid, and chromium (HI) chloride, adininistered by injection, as measured by dose-response relationships are close to the amount that would be lethal to the embryo, a common trait of many compounds (111). Reported teratogenic studies on hamsters (117,118), the mouse (119—121), and rabbits (122) have shown increased incidence of cleft palate, no effect, and testicular degeneration, respectively. Although the exposures for these experiments were provided by injections, in the final study (122) oral, inhalation, and dermal routes were also tried, and no testicular degeneration was found by these paths. 

F. Reproductive toxins Chemicals which affect the reproductive capabilities including chromosomal damage (mutations) and effects on fetuses (teratogenesis) ... 

The Clean Ar Act of 1970 and the Amendments of 1977 failed to adequately control emissions of hazardous air pollutants, that are typically carcinogens, mutagens, and reproductive toxins. Title III of the 1990 /Vnendments offers a comprehensive plan for achieving significant reductions in emissions of haz-... 

Considerable studies are required to establish the toxicological profile of the drug substance. These must assess its direct toxic effects, together with its potential as a reproductive toxin, mutagen, or carcinogen. 

Developmental toxins Reproductive toxins Endocrine disrupting substances... 

Prop 65 is a list of chemicals that have been confirmed by the state of California to be carcinogens and or reproductive toxins. Chemicals are hsted by name and by CAS ... 

Cooper RL, Goldman JM, Rehnberg GL. 1986. Pituitary function following treatment with reproductive toxins. Environ Health Perspect 70 77-184,86... 

Substitution, rather than risk management is therefore essential. Chemicals identified as of very high concern, e.g. carcinogens, reproductive toxins, those that persist and bioaccumulate in the environment and affect the hormone system, should be targeted for substitution based on their intrinsic hazards. 

It helps them to reduce systematically their use of hazardous chemicals and develop new products. Some companies have agreed on substances that need to be avoided. As documented In the case studies In Annex I of this report, they are Instructing their suppliers to phase out a range of carcinogenic, mutagenic and reproductive toxins, as well as some persistent, bloaccumulative, and endocrine disrupting chemicals. 

Article 54 a-f. Criteria for chemicals to be added to Annex XI11 and thus require authorisation category 1 or 2 carcinogens, category 1 or 2 mutagens, category 1 or 2 reproductive toxins, substances which are persistent, bloaccumulative and toxic, very persistent and very bloaccumulative, endocrine disrupting or of equal concern. 

Substances classified as toxic (T R23/24/25) for acute toxicity Substances classified as harmful (Xn R48/20/21/22) for repeated dose toxicity Substances classified as carcinogens, mutagens, and reproductive toxins in Category 3 Substances classified as skin sensitizers (Xi R43)... 

Toxicology. Benomyl causes dermatitis and dermal sensitization in experimental animals it is a reproductive toxin and teratogen. 

Toxicology. Cycloheximide is a teratogen and reproductive toxin in experimental animals. 

Toxicology. Diaminotoluene (TDA) is a skin and eye irritant in animals it is carcinogenic and a reproductive toxin. 

Reproductive toxicity was observed in rats administered lOOmg/kg by gavage in a continuous breeding protocol experiment fewer Fi pups were born live, and lower Fi pup weights and higher Fi pup mortality were observed. Increased liver and kidney weights were found at necropsy. These effects occurred at levels that also produced systemic toxicity, suggesting that dicyclopentadiene is not selectively a reproductive toxin. 

Prenatal exposure of rats and rabbits to doses of methylacrylonitrile that did not induce toxicity in the adults also did not induce developmental toxicity in the fetus. Methylacrylonitrile was also determined not to be a selective reproductive toxin. In a continuous breeding study in rats, doses that caused decreases in epididymal sperm density of Fi... 

Toxicology. Methyl chloride is a central nervous system depressant it may cause kidney and liver damage, and it is a reproductive toxin and a teratogen in experimental animals. 

Class II suspected human carcinogen and known or suspected human reproductive toxin... 

Reproductive Toxicology (mammalian) The study of the effects of chemicals on the adult reproductive and neuroendocrine systems, the embryo, foetus, neonate and prepubertal mammal. Reproductive Toxins Tire tenn refers to a specific target organ characterization of effect. These are chemicals which affect the reproductive capabilities including chromosomal damage (mutations) and effects on fetuses (teratogenesis). Signs and symptoms include birth defects sterility. Examples are lead and DBCP. 

Methylmercury intoxication affects mainly the central nervous system and results in paresthesias, ataxia, hearing impairment, dysarthria, and progressive constriction of the visual fields. Signs and symptoms of methylmercury intoxication may first appear several weeks or months after exposure begins. Methylmercury is a reproductive toxin. High-dose prenatal exposure to methylmercury may produce mental retardation and a cerebral palsy-like syndrome in the offspring. Low-level prenatal exposures to methylmercury have been associated with a risk of subclinical neurodevelopmental deficits. 

CMAR (i.e. any nanomaterial which is already classified in its larger particle form as carcinogenetic (C), mutagenic (M), asthmagenic (A) or a reproductive toxin (R))... 

Note that Proposition 65 is a labeling law. There is no prohibition on the use of these materials there is only the requirement that their presence must be noted on a warning sign and/or label. Which is why when you go into an establishment in California that serves adult beverages there are signs posted to warn you that alcohol is a known reproductive toxin. The only colorants affected by this law are the lead- and cadmium-containing pigments. 

An area that may be used for work with carcinogens, reproductive toxins, or substances that have a high degree of acute toxicity. A designated area may be the entire laboratory, an area of a laboratory, or a device such as a loboratory hood. Detergent... 

Reproductive toxins cause spontaneous abortions, birth defects, and sterility. The design of a toxicity study should meet the objectives intended and minimize the pain, distress, and suffering of the test animals. The study should gather as much information as possible about the substance to be... 

The general guidelines are not, by themselves, adequate for chemical substances with high acute toxicity or high chronic toxicity, such as heavy metals, chemical carcinogens, or reproductive toxins. Students and workers must follow standard work practices to contain health and environmental disasters ... 

Moderate skin and severe eye irritant in rabbits reproductive toxin in mice. Rat LClo 250 ppm h dermal LD50 1400 mg kg mouse oral LD50... 

Animal studies have shown cadmium to be a teratogen and a reproductive toxin however, the results of mutagenesis experiments are equivocal. Cadmium produced local sarcomas in a number of rodent species when the metal, sulfide, oxide, or salts were administered subcutaneously. Intramuscular injection of cadmium powder and cadmium sulfate also produced local sarcomas. Injection of cadmium chloride into the ventral prostate resulted in a low incidence of prostatic carcinoma. Exposure via inhalation of cadmium chloride produced a dose-dependent increase in lung carcinomas in rats. 

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