PROBABILITY INDICATORS

If poUed, most aquaculturists would probably indicate a preference for well water. Both freshwater and saline wells are common sources of water for aquaculture. The most commonly used pretreatments of well water include temperature alteration (either heating or cooling) aeration to add oxygen or to remove or oxidize such substances as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and iron and increasing salinity (in mariculture systems). Pretreatment may also include adjusting pH, hardness, and alkalinity through the appHcation of appropriate chemicals. 

Country Proven and probable Indicated and inferred Total... 

Coefficients greater than 1.0 in Fig. 6-16 probably indicate partial pressure recoveiy downstream of the minimum aperture, due to rounding of the wires. 

The Auger depth profile obtained from a plasma polymerized acetylene film that was reacted with the same model rubber compound referred to earlier for 65 min is shown in Fig. 39 [45]. The sulfur profile is especially interesting, demonstrating a peak very near the surface, another peak just below the surface, and a third peak near the interface between the primer film and the substrate. Interestingly, the peak at the surface seems to be related to a peak in the zinc concentration while the peak just below the surface seems to be related to a peak in the cobalt concentration. These observations probably indicate the formation of zinc and cobalt complexes that are responsible for the insertion of polysulfidic pendant groups into the model rubber compound and the plasma polymer. Since zinc is located on the surface while cobalt is somewhat below the surface, it is likely that the cobalt complexes were formed first and zinc complexes were mostly formed in the later stages of the reaction, after the cobalt had been consumed. 

These diagrams focus on the temporal or time relationships of operations and they can be used to solve resource allocation problems, to determine whether there is any potential for time stress, and to consider alternative work methods in the execution of a procedure. An example drawn from traditional industrial engineering methods is shown in Figure 4.7. The chart is used to analyze the interaction between people and equipment. As indicated in the summary portion of this chart, there is a high proportion of idle time which would probably indicate the use of alternative procedures in the execution of this task. The chart enables the analyst to see the relationships among the activities of the different components in planning such alternatives. 

IV, C, 1, d). Second, for both classes of aromatic compounds such values show a surprisingly small dependence on the nature of the attacking reagent, probably indicating the predominant role of the reorganization of the substrate toward a new state represented by structure 63 or 65. FinaUy, it may not be fortuitous that a correspondence is found between structural effects on substitution rates and on ionization constants (Section IV,C, l,a). Bond-making would in fact be the essential analogy between these phenomena [Eqs. (16) and (17)], and... 

If one sees m/z 117 as a TMS derivative, it probably indicates that a carboxyl group is present. 

The interatomic distances found are V—S = 2.186 0.040 A and Cu—S — 2.285 i 0.014 A. The Cu—S distance is somewhat smaller than the sum of the tetrahedral radii2) for sulfur and univalent copper, 2.39 A. As in the case of chalcopyrite, this probably indicates that the valence states are not well defined as CuIiVvSi, but fluctuate, the copper resonating between cuprous and cupric states and the vanadium between quinquivalent and lower states. 

These empirical linear relations should be applied to groups of compounds with a common steric background. Thus, a negative deviation from these linear relations most probably indicates specific steric congestion assisting the dissociation. In this context, it is known that, in radical dissociation of carbon-carbon cr bonds, steric congestion is a major enhancing factor (Riichardt and Beckhaus, 1980). 

Effect of preincubation of PG inhibitor with pofygalacturonic acid One ml of 1% polygalacturonic acid was incubated with the inhibitor along with buffer in a total volume of 1.8 ml for various periods of time at 37°C. The enzyme reaction was initiated by addition of 0.2 ml polygalacmronase. Results presented in Table 7 indicate that preincubation of the inhibitor with substrate for various time periods does not alter the inhibitor activity significantly. This probably indicates a minimal direct interaction involved between the substrate and the inhibitor during the course of reaction. 

In summaiy, prey fish are present in most surface waters, require moderate sampling effort, are important in the trophic transfer of MeHg in aquatic food webs, and probably indicate annual changes in exposure to MeHg. Given these attributes. 

A test positive for opiates, cocaine, or methadone probably indicates that the drug was used within the prior 24 to 48 hours. 

The cell voltage was acceptable at the higher temperature of 820 °C about 600 mV at 30 mA/cm2 (Fig. 26). At the lower temperature, 710 °C, the higher overpotential probably indicates partial freezing of the electrolyte. 

In Figure 6, the larger values of A b for systems 4 and 5 compared with the other systems illustrate the increased opportunities for intramolecular reaction in tetrafunctional compared with trifunctional systems. Further, the smaller values of b for system 5 compared with those for system 1, with the same value of v, probably indicated that equation(3) relatively undercounts the opportunities for intramolecular reaction for tetrafunctional as compared with trifunctional reactants, so that smaller values of b are required in compensation. System 3, based on aromatic diisocyanate, gives the largest values of b, characteristic of its stiffer chain structure. 

This expression indicates that there is a decreased probability (indicated by the term —2(/>A(/>B) of finding the electrons in the region between the two nuclei. In fact, there is a nodal plane between the positive and negative (with respect to algebraic sign) of the two regions of the molecular orbital. As a simple definition, we can describe a covalent bond as the increased probability of finding electrons between two nuclei or an increase in electron density between the two nuclei when compared to the probability or density that would exist simply because of the presence of two atoms. 

Isomethuenine (52, C19H22N20, [a]D -178°) probably indicated as Alkaloid M by Potier et al. during the chemical investigation of several Tabernae-montanae (67), was recently isolated by Verpoorte et al. from T. dichotoma (87) and spectroscopically characterized. 

Of reactions (5)-(7) only reaction (7) has been directly investigated. The entropy of activation for this reaction, —3.0 e.u., probably indicates that the mechanism for the isomerization of sec.-butyl is closely related to that of iso-propyl. 

As noted by the original authors (Dorovska et al., 1972), and cited by Fersht (1985), there is an excellent linear correlation between log/ccat/KM and the Hansch hydrophobicity parameters (v) of the side chains (Fig. 9, A), except for the two branched side chains (valine and isoleucine residues). However, since the ku values for the esters do vary somewhat (Table A6.8), the values of pKrs do not correlate as strongly with ir (Fig. 9, B). Moreover, the plot shows distinct curvature which probably indicates the onset of a saturation effect due to the physical limits of the Sj binding pocket, adjacent to the enzyme s active site. Still, the points for valine and isoleucine deviate below the others, suggesting that the pocket has a relatively narrow opening. 

They were also typical when the regression model chosen was first order. Mean-level bandwidths greater than 20-30% are probably indicative that errors have been made in the analysis process that should not be tolerated. In this case techniques would be carefully scrutinized to find errors, outliers, or changing chromatographic conditions. These should be remedied and the analysis repeated whenever possible. Certain manipulation can be done to reduce the bandwidth values. For example, they would be... 

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