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Enzymatic reactions reaction

In contrast to non-enzymatic chemical reactions, enzymatic reactions occur under rather mild physiological conditions, that is to say at moderate temperatures, reasonable pH values, and in aqueous solution. Evolution has taken place in an environment with water as one of the major components. Therefore, biochemical reactions in living cells occur in a dilute aqueous medium. [Pg.143]

Electrochemical detection is inherently a chemical rather than a physical technique (such as ultraviolet, infrared, fluorescence, or refractive index). It is, therefore, not surprising to hnd that many imaginative postcolumn reactions have been coupled to LC-EC. These include photochemical reactions, enzymatic reactions, halogenation reactions, and Biuret reactions. In each case, the purpose is to enhance selectivity and therefore improve limits of detection. While simplicity is sacrihced with such schemes, there are many published methods that have been quite successful. [Pg.597]

Catalysts play a very important role not only in chemical processes in industry but also in chemical reactions (enzymatic reactions) in the human body. [Pg.182]

In pH depending reactions, enzymatic reactions for instance, one has to take into account that when H2O is replaced 1 D2O the concentration of hydrogen ions changes, which is described by the equation pH = pD +4, and pK, of active groups increases by 0.2—0.5. [Pg.426]

Tokunaga M, Kitamura K, Saito K, Iwane A H and Yanagida T 1997 Single molecule imaging of fluorophores and enzymatic reactions achieved by objective-type total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 235 47-53... [Pg.2512]

Merz, K.M. Jr Computer simulation of enzymatic reactions. Curr. Opinion Struct. Biol. 3 (1993) 234-240. [Pg.32]

Substrate A substrate is the starting material of an enzymatic reaction. [Pg.599]

Chorismate Mutase catalyzed Claisen Rearrangement- 10 rate enhancement over non-enzymatic reaction... [Pg.98]

A plot of equation 13.18, shown in figure 13.10, is instructive for defining conditions under which the rate of an enzymatic reaction can be used for the quantitative analysis of enzymes and substrates. Eor high substrate concentrations, where [S] Kjq, equation 13.18 simplifies to... [Pg.637]

Km for an enzymatic reaction are of significant interest in the study of cellular chemistry. From equation 13.19 we see that Vmax provides a means for determining the rate constant 2- For enzymes that follow the mechanism shown in reaction 13.15, 2 is equivalent to the enzyme s turnover number, kcat- The turnover number is the maximum number of substrate molecules converted to product by a single active site on the enzyme, per unit time. Thus, the turnover number provides a direct indication of the catalytic efficiency of an enzyme s active site. The Michaelis constant, Km, is significant because it provides an estimate of the substrate s intracellular concentration. [Pg.638]

Amino acid-derived hormones include the catecholamines, epinephrine and norepinephrine (qv), and the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine (see Thyroid AND ANTITHYROID PREPARATIONS). Catecholamines are synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine by a series of enzymatic reactions that include hydroxylations, decarboxylations, and methylations. Thyroid hormones also are derived from tyrosine iodination of the tyrosine residues on a large protein backbone results in the production of active hormone. [Pg.171]

Biochemical oxidation of lactate to pymvate by lactate dehydrogenase is a well-known enzymatic reaction ia metaboHc pathways. [Pg.512]

Chemical Properties. Lignin is subject to oxidation, reduction, discoloration, hydrolysis, and other chemical and enzymatic reactions. Many ate briefly described elsewhere (51). Key to these reactions is the ability of the phenolic hydroxyl groups of lignin to participate in the formation of reactive intermediates, eg, phenoxy radical (4), quinonemethide (5), and phenoxy anion (6) ... [Pg.142]

Process Va.ria.tlons. The conventional techniques for tea manufacture have been replaced in part by newer processing methods adopted for a greater degree of automation and control. These newer methods include withering modification (78), different types of maceration equipment (79), closed systems for fermentation (80), and fluid-bed dryers (81). A thermal process has been described which utilizes decreased time periods for enzymatic reactions but depends on heat treatment at 50—65°C to develop black tea character (82). It is claimed that tannin—protein complex formation is decreased and, therefore, greater tannin extractabiUty is achieved. Tea value is beheved to be increased through use of this process. [Pg.372]

The primary steps in the conversion of starch are Uquefaction, saccharification, and isomerization. By controlling the enzymatic reactions, sugars of different sweetness can be produced to suit the various needs of manufacturers of food and nonalcohoUc beverages. [Pg.296]

Biotransformations are carried out by either whole cells (microbial, plant, or animal) or by isolated enzymes. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. In general, multistep transformations, such as hydroxylations of steroids, or the synthesis of amino acids, riboflavin, vitamins, and alkaloids that require the presence of several enzymes and cofactors are carried out by whole cells. Simple one- or two-step transformations, on the other hand, are usually carried out by isolated enzymes. Compared to fermentations, enzymatic reactions have a number of advantages including simple instmmentation reduced side reactions, easy control, and product isolation. [Pg.331]

Aldol Additions. These reactions catalyzed by lyases are perhaps the most synthetically useful enzymatic reactions for carbon—carbon bond formation. Because of the broad synthetic utiUty of this method, the enzymatic aldol reactions have received considerable attention in recent years and have been extensively covered in a number of books and reviews (10,138—140). [Pg.346]


See other pages where Enzymatic reactions reaction is mentioned: [Pg.202]    [Pg.501]    [Pg.202]    [Pg.1321]    [Pg.221]    [Pg.207]    [Pg.81]    [Pg.369]    [Pg.1588]    [Pg.697]    [Pg.67]    [Pg.182]    [Pg.202]    [Pg.202]    [Pg.221]    [Pg.207]    [Pg.81]    [Pg.369]    [Pg.697]    [Pg.67]    [Pg.182]    [Pg.192]    [Pg.403]    [Pg.2502]    [Pg.2827]    [Pg.78]    [Pg.167]    [Pg.375]    [Pg.659]    [Pg.486]    [Pg.40]    [Pg.44]    [Pg.211]    [Pg.282]    [Pg.378]    [Pg.216]    [Pg.372]    [Pg.21]    [Pg.88]    [Pg.100]    [Pg.386]    [Pg.321]    [Pg.321]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.15 ]




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2 evaluation using enzymatic reactions

Active intermediates enzymatic reactions

Aldol reaction enzymatic

Aldol reaction enzymatic alternative

Analysis enzymatic conjugation reaction

Applications to Enzymatic Reactions

Assay of Analytes after Enzymatic Reactions

Asymmetric synthesis enzymatic reactions

Autocatalytic and Enzymatic Reactions The adiabatic elimination

Batch reactors enzymatic reactions

Bi2-Coenzymes in Enzymatic Radical Reactions

Biodiesel enzymatic reactions

Birch reaction enzymatic reactions

Calculations enzymatic reactions

Candida antarctica lipase, enzymatic reactions

Carbon dioxide, supercritical, enzymatic reaction

Catalytic activity, enzymes enzymatic polymerization reaction

Catalytic reactions enzymatic

Catalyzed Enzymatic Reactions

Chemical and Enzymatic Reactions of Interest to Food Processing

Chemical modulators for enzymatic reactions

Chemo-enzymatic cascade reactions

Chiral enzymatic cascade reactions

Claisen reaction enzymatic effects

Cofactors for enzymatic reactions

Consecutive enzymatic reactions

Cyanohydrin Enzymatic reaction

Detection enzymatic reactions

Detection limit enzymatic reaction

ENZDYN - Dynamic Diffusion and Enzymatic Reaction

ENZDYN - Dynamic Diffusion with Enzymatic Reaction

Effects of Mass Transfer Around and within Catalyst or Enzymatic Particles on the Apparent Reaction Rates

Efficient Reaction Conditions for Dynamic Enzymatic Resolution

Electrochemically coupled enzymatic reaction sequence

Energy enzymatic reaction

Enolic Intermediates in Enzymatic Reactions

Environmental factors enzymatic reactions

Enzymatic Acetyl Transfer Reaction

Enzymatic Catalysis of Electrochemical Reactions

Enzymatic Conversion of CO2 (Carboxylation Reactions and Reduction to Energy-Rich Cl Molecules)

Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Esterification Reactions

Enzymatic Reaction Fundamentals

Enzymatic Reaction and Chemisorption on Surfaces

Enzymatic Reactions in Giant Vesicles

Enzymatic aminolysis reaction

Enzymatic browning reactions

Enzymatic catalysis first-order reactions

Enzymatic catalysis reaction rate

Enzymatic chemical reactions complete enzyme dependence

Enzymatic chemical reactions photochemical)

Enzymatic modification reactions, cyclodextrin

Enzymatic monooxygenation reactions

Enzymatic phosphoryl-transfer reactions, chiral

Enzymatic reaction amidation

Enzymatic reaction cross linking

Enzymatic reaction inhibitors

Enzymatic reaction involving

Enzymatic reaction modification

Enzymatic reaction pathways, mapping

Enzymatic reaction scheme

Enzymatic reaction scheme system

Enzymatic reaction systems

Enzymatic reaction, progress

Enzymatic reactions

Enzymatic reactions 382 INDEX

Enzymatic reactions Michaelis-Menten equation

Enzymatic reactions Oscillations in the glycolytic cycle

Enzymatic reactions and

Enzymatic reactions and immobilization techniques

Enzymatic reactions cascade

Enzymatic reactions catalysis

Enzymatic reactions characteristics

Enzymatic reactions characterization

Enzymatic reactions classification

Enzymatic reactions compared with chemical methods

Enzymatic reactions computational study

Enzymatic reactions enolic intermediates

Enzymatic reactions environmental effects

Enzymatic reactions enzyme-substrate complex

Enzymatic reactions experimental conditions

Enzymatic reactions expressing

Enzymatic reactions first order

Enzymatic reactions genetic engineering

Enzymatic reactions in liposomes

Enzymatic reactions in reversed micelles

Enzymatic reactions inhibition

Enzymatic reactions integrated rate equations

Enzymatic reactions kinetics

Enzymatic reactions lipase-catalyzed enantioselective acylation

Enzymatic reactions mechanism

Enzymatic reactions multisubstrate

Enzymatic reactions pH, effect

Enzymatic reactions progress curve

Enzymatic reactions rates

Enzymatic reactions reaction classification

Enzymatic reactions reversible

Enzymatic reactions second order

Enzymatic reactions selectivities

Enzymatic reactions stereoelectronic effect

Enzymatic reactions summary

Enzymatic reactions syntheses)

Enzymatic reactions temperature

Enzymatic reactions temperature effect

Enzymatic reactions velocity

Enzymatic reactions with Raman

Enzymatic reactions, biomimetic

Enzymatic reactions, competitive

Enzymatic reactions, competitive inhibition

Enzymatic reactions, isotope effects

Enzymatic reactions, surfactant

Enzymatic reactions, surfactant biodegradation

Enzymatic reactions, tests

Enzymatic synthesis initial reaction rate

Enzymatic synthesis lipase-catalysed reactions

Enzymatic synthetic reactions

Enzymatic transesterification reaction

Enzymatic transesterification reaction temperature

Enzymatic transesterification reaction water content

Enzymatic turnover reaction

Enzyme enzymatic reaction, schematic

Enzyme enzymatic reactions

Fluid enzymatic reactions

Fungi, enzymatic reactions

Glycosyl, enzymatic transfer reactions

Glycosylation reactions enzymatic approach

High- and Medium-Throughput Screening Systems for Assaying the Enantioselectivity of Enzymatic Reactions

Indicator reaction, enzymatic analysis

Inhibition in enzymatic reactions

Intermediates in Enzymatic Reactions

Intramolecular cyclization-elimination enzymatic reaction

Ionic liquids enzymatic reactions

Kinetics of Enzymatic Reactions Involving Two Substrates

Kinetics of enzymatic reactions

Michaelis-Menten enzymatic reaction

Microemulsions enzymatic reactions

Miscellaneous Enzymatic Reactions

Modelling Enzymatic Reactions

Multi enzymatic cascade reactions

Nitrosamine enzymatic reactions

Non-enzymatic browning reactions

Non-enzymatic reactions

Oligosaccharide synthesis enzymatic reactions

Ordered enzymatic reaction

Organofluorine compounds enzymatically controlled reactions

Oxidases enzymatic cascade reactions

Oxidation enzymatic cascade reactions

Oxidative reactions enzymatic

Penicillin, enzymatic reactions

Periodic enzymatic reaction

Phenol, enzymatic reactions

Phenol, enzymatic reactions oxidation

Phosphate, enzymatic reactions

Ping pong, enzymatic reaction

Processive enzymatic reaction

Progress of an enzymatic reaction

Pseudo first-order reaction enzymatic

Reaction preparation, enzymatic reduction

Reaction velocity, enzymatic maximum

Reactions enzymatic hydrolysis

Reactions, chemical enzymatic

Reduction reactions enzymatic

Scale enzymatic reactions

Sequential ordered, enzymatic reaction

Sequential, enzymatic reaction

Single enzymatic reactions

Single enzymatic reactions bonds

Single enzymatic reactions oxidation

Single enzymatic reactions reduction

Solution-phase Enzymatic Reactions

Solvent systems enzymatic reactions

Specificity, enzymatic reaction

Specificity, enzymatic reaction Selectivity)

Speed of an Enzymatic Reaction

Steady state, enzymatic reactions before

Stereochemistry of enzymatic reactions

TRANSIENT PHASES OF ENZYMATIC REACTIONS

The Enzymatic Reaction

The Enzymatic Reactions of Purine Synthesis

The ONIOM Method and its Applications to Enzymatic Reactions

The Quasi-Equilibrium Approximation Enzymatic Reaction Kinetics

The mechanisms of enzymatic reactions on wood and cellulose

Thermodynamics of Enzymatic Reactions

Whole enzymatic cascade reactions

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