Whole enzymatic cascade reactions

The cascade reactions presented so far were either a combination of two different wholeenzymatic cascades became accessible thanks to these approaches. Nevertheless, a major drawback was (and is) the need to achieve the individual preparation of all involved catalytic entities in different hosts or expression strains and to use different buffer systems. 

Whole-cell biocatalysts are basically one-pot cascade reactions, with various enzymatic reactions being carried out concurrently within individual cells. Compared to purified enzymes, whole-cell biocatalysts are inexpensive and easily scalable and can be stably stored indefinitely. Certain enzymes are unstable and lose activity when purified from cells. Living cells also contain and regenerate otherwise expensive redox cofactors and, with metabolic engineering, can produce desired chemicals from inexpensive carbon and nitrogen sources [66, 67]. On the other hand, a major downside of using whole cells for biotransformations is the increased cost of product extrachon and purification from fermentahon broths. One also has to consider the... 

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