Pumping systems water treatment

Process Technology 2—Systems—study of common process systems found in the chemical process industry, including related scientific principles. Includes study of pump and compressor systems, heat exchangers and cooling tower systems, boilers and furnace systems, distillation systems, reaction systems, utility system, separation systems, plastics systems, instrument systems, water treatment, and extraction systems. Computer console operation is often included in systems training. Emphasizes scale-up from laboratory (glassware) bench to pilot unit. Describe unit operation concepts solve elementary chemical mass/energy balance problems interpret analytical data and apply distillation, reaction, and fluid flow principles. 

Fig. 15. Ain-saturator systems used in the practice of water treatment by flotation (31). (a), Injection of air into suction line of recycle pump (b), packed...

PPO forms one of a group of rigid, heat-resistant, more-or-less selfextinguishing polymers with a good electrical and chemical resistance, low water absorption and very good dimensional stability. This has led to a number of applications in television such as tuner strips, microwave insulation components and transformer housings. The excellent hydrolytic stability has also led to applications in water distribution and water treatment applications such as in pumps, water meters, sprinkler systems and hot water tanks. It is also used in valves of drink vending machines. 

The most common application of carbon adsorption in municipal water treatment is in the removal of taste and odor compounds. Figure 12 provides an example of a process flow diagram for a municipal water treatment plant. In this example water is pumped from the river into a flotation unit, which is used for the removal of suspended solids such as algae and particulate matter. Dissolved air is the injected under pressure into the basin. This action creates microbubbles which become attached to the suspended solids, causing them to float. This results in a layer of suspended solids on the surface of the water, which is removed using a mechanical skimming technique. Go back to Chapter 8 if you need to refresh your memory on air flotation systems. 

Remediation aetivities ineluded site mobilization (i.e., installation of trailers, utilities, and equipment elearing and grubbing grading roads and eonstruetion of deeontamination faeilities, drainage pump stations, and a water treatment system), soil exeavation, thermal proeessing of 7,700 eubie yards of soil, baekfilling and regrading the exeavated area, and site demobilization. 

Although these units find initial application in areas of limited water, they have not been limited to this situation. In many instances they are more economical than cooling tower systems and have been successfully applied in combination with cooling towers (see Figure 10-184). Economic comparisons should include such items as tower costs, basin, make-up facilities, water treatment, pumps for circulation, power supply, blow down, piping, etc. For small installations of air-cooled units, they should be compared... 

Having now established the space requirement for the boilers, we must consider the other items of plant to be housed in the same structure. These may include water-treatment plant, heat-recovery system, tanks and pump, instrument and controls. With oil- and gas-fired installations, there is little additional plant to consider within the boiler house. With solid fuel then the handling, distribution and perhaps storage could also form part of the building with provision for ash handling and removal. 

In all space heating boiler systems there is a tendency to keep water treatment programs as simple as possible. Ideally, chemical inhibitors should be added in proportion to MU demands, metered water consumption, oxygen content, or other preemptive measurement. More typically, the standard process is to periodically (weekly to monthly) analyze the BW for a few basic control parameters, including measuring the multimetal corrosion inhibitor reserve, and then to merely top-up the inhibitor when the reserve is below the minimum specification. Chemical treatment often is added directly to the BW by hand-pump via a hose cock (bib cock) connection. 

Clean water treatment feed pumps, check-valves, and control system... 

Tanks employed to hold diluted water treatment chemicals or regenerants and used as a reservoir to be pumped or educted into a water system as part of a treatment process. 

STABREX is easier and simpler to use compared to any other oxidant available for industrial water treatment. The product is pumped directly from returnable transporters (PortaFeed Systems)17 with standard chemical feed equipment. Previously, the only practical ways to apply bromine were to oxidize bromide solutions on-site with chlorine in dual liquid feed systems, or with one of the solid organically-stabilized bromine products applied from sidestream erosion feeders. The former is cumbersome and complex, and the latter is prone to dusting and difficult to control. Other oxidants require complex handling and feed of toxic volatile gases, unstable liquids, multiple-component products, or reactive solids. Simplicity in use results in reduced risk to workers and to the environment. 

Introduction of the flushing solution may occur within the vadose zone, the saturated zone, or both. Flushing solutions may consist of plain water, or surfactants, co-solvents, acids, bases, oxidants, chelants, and solvents. The infiltrating flushing solution percolates through the soil and soluble compounds present in the soil are dissolved. The elutriate is pumped from the bottom of the contaminated zone into a water treatment system to remove pollutants. The process is carried out until the residual concentrations of contaminants in the soil satisfy given limits. 

Subsurface drains include any type of buried conduits that convey and collect aqueous discharges by gravity flow (Figure 16.11). Water collected in a storage tank or a collection sump is then pumped for further treatment. Filters are usually needed in drain systems to prevent fine particles from causing clogging. 

PUMP-AND-TREAT AND DRINKING WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS... 

At sites where the fluid level (water or LNAPL) is below the suction-lift depth, the use of a down-hole pumping unit is necessary. When a single-pump system is used, the water and/or LNAPL is delivered to the surface for separation or treatment, as shown in Figure 7.12. Several types of single-pump systems are in common usage. 

There are numerous advantages to a two-pump system. LNAPL is separated in the well, reducing the need for aboveground separators. Occasionally, the LNAPL can be recycled without further treatment. Because the mixing of product and water in the well is minimized, soluble components are not added to the pumped water. The most important advantage is that the system is fully automatic and can be operated continuously with minimal adjustment after start-up. 

Reservoirs can be either natural or man-made. Natural reservoirs can include lakes or other contained water bodies, while man-made reservoirs usually consist of some sort of engineered structure, such as a tank or other impoundment structure. In addition to the water containment structure itself, reservoir systems may also include associated water treatment and distribution equipment, including intakes, pumps, pump houses, piping systems, chemical treatment and chemical storage areas, and so forth. 

The major elements of a water supply system are the raw water source (lake, river, reservoir, or groundwater aquifer), the water treatment plant, the pumping stations, and the distribution system consisting of pipes and intermediate storage reservoirs. 

In Hydrocyclones A Solution to Produced Water Treatment, Meldrum presents the basic design principle of a dc-oilmg hydrocy leone. System design, early operational experiences, and test results on a full-scale application in the North Sea are discussed. Oil-removal efficiency was seen to rise with increasing reject ratio up to around 1%, producing acceptable outlet concentrations Early field test results on a tension leg platform in the North Sea are discussed. Preliminary data on a pumped system are also given. 

The new system, which includes two coalescer units, is also shown in Fig. 1, The new units have been included at the end of the water-treatment train The discharge from the wash-tank drain is also routed through the coalescer units From coalescer units, recovered oil is pumped back into surge tanks and treated water is routed to disposal wells... 

There is a growing trend for many operators not to have any direct involvement with their cooling system chemical dosing equipment (with regard to the addition of chemical, mixing and chemical dilutions, pump adjustments, and possibly even periodic equipment inspections and maintenance). The equipment may also not be owned by the customer. Rather, the water treatment service companies may lease the equipment to the customer, or provide free-on-loan equipment, together with all chemical dosing and control functions, as part of their services to the facility. 

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