Surge tank

Fig. 1. Flow diagram of production of sulfur dioxide from oleum 1, 30% oleum exchanger 2, SO vaporizer 3, reactor 4, coolant surge tank 5, coolant ckculatkig pump 6, coolant exchangers 7, sludge and acid pump 8, scmbber 9, SO2 cooler 10, gas cleaner 11, SO2 compressor 12, pulsation damper and 13, SO2 condenser. CM is the condensate FRC, flow recording controller PIC, pressure kidicatkig controller SM, steam TC, temperature recorder ...

Eig. 3. Configurations for the stirred tank electrochemical reactor (STER). The surge tank contains both reactant and product, (a). Batch (b), semibatch ... 

Software packages are commercially available for simulation of hydrauhc transients. These may be used to analyze piping systems to reveal unsatisfactoi y behavior, and they aUow the assessment of design changes such as increases in pipe-wall thickness, changes in valve actuation, and addition of check valves, surge tanks, and pulsation dampeners. 

G. D. Anderson s article recommends initial controller settings for those control loops set on automatic rather than manual for a plant startup. For liquid level, the settings depend upon whether the sensor is a displacer type or differential pressure type, or a surge tank (or other surge) is installed in the process ... 

Fuel - Fuel supplies to boilers, furnaces, gas turbine and engine drivers, etc., are designed with features such as multiple fuels, propane vaporizer backup, and a liquid fuel surge tank, to promote reliabihty. The failure of any one fuel to a process unit or utihty generation facihty is used as the basis for evaluating a potential overpressure. 

When the reboiler was brought back on line, the water was swept into the heat transfer oil lines and immediately vaporized. This set up a liquid hammer, which burst the surge tank. It was estimated that this required a gauge pressure of 450 psi (30 bar). The top of the vessel was blown off in one piece, and the rest of the vessel was split into 20 pieces. The hot oil formed a cloud of fine mist, which ignited immediately, forming a fireball 35 m in diameter. (Mists can explode at temperatures below the flash point of the bulk liquid see Section 19.5.)... 

PW circulation pumps B/A mechanical failure PW circulation pumps B/A stopped by operator PW collecting tanks pmnps B/A failure PW flow switch failure PW supply pumps B/A controller 2 failure PW supply pumps B/A mechanical failure PW supply pumps B/A stopped by operator PW surge tank instrument failure -15 C glycol storage tank leak PW level valve fails... 

Verify that no fresh feed is entering the main column. Feed can enter the main column through emergency bypasses or through the feed surge tank vent line. 

Typical pre-boiler FW system arrangements provide for boiler FW (which is a combination of CR and MU water) to be pumped from either the surge tank or the FW tank and delivered to the DA, where it is sprayed through a spring-loaded nozzle into a steam atmosphere. The FW is heated to within a few degrees of the steam saturation temperature and more than 95% of the FW oxygen is released into the steam. 

There are many process contaminants that may be inadvertently carried back with the condensate following either the purposeful injection of live steam into, say, an industrial manufacturing process or that can infiltrate the system due to a leaking heating coil, an open surge tank, or similar access point. 

A hold tank is installed in an aqueous effluent-treatment process to smooth out fluctuations in concentration in the effluent stream. The effluent feed to the tank normally contains no more than 100 ppm of acetone. The maximum allowable concentration of acetone in the effluent discharge is set at 200 ppm. The surge tank working capacity is 500 m3 and it can be considered to be perfectly mixed. The effluent flow is 45,000 kg/h. If the acetone concentration in the feed suddenly rises to 1000 ppm, due to a spill in the process plant, and stays at that level for half an hour, will the limit of 200 ppm in the effluent discharge be exceeded ... 

The feed flow-rate is often set by the level controller on a preceding column. It can be independently controlled if the column is fed from a storage or surge tank. 

The specification and sizing of surge tanks and accumulators is discussed in more detail by Mehra (1979) and Evans (1980). 

The acid and alkali wastes are pumped from the acid-alkali wastewater sump [T-30] into the acid-alkali treatment module [T-31], Metering pumps controlled by pH instruments feed either acid or caustic to the module as required to maintain an acceptable alkalinity for the formation of metal hydroxides prior to discharge to the precipitator consisting of a mixing tank [T-98], a surge tank [T-99], and a sedimentation clarifier [T-101], The pH is adjusted to a value of 8.5 for optimum metal hydroxide formation and removal. 

The first step in the precipitator is the addition of polyelectrolyte solution in the flash mix tank [T-98], surge tank [T-99], and then into the slow mix unit [T-100] containing a variable speed mixing paddle. The purpose of this unit is to coagulate and flocculate53 the metal hydroxide precipitates. 

Concentrated metal hydroxide sludge is pumped from the clarifier to a polypropylene plate filter press [T-102], The plate filter press56 is of sufficient capacity without any buildup in the lamellar portion of the unit. This also prevents any overflow of precipitate to the sewer system. The metal hydroxides form a dense sludge cake suitable for disposal in an approved landfill. The liquid effluent from the plate filter is returned to the surge tank [T-99],... 

Low Pressure Flash Vessel station Brine surge tank 85 5 2 7 1... 

The elemental compositions in weight percent of the four samples coded Brine Surge 1, Brine Surge 2, MBL-1A and MBL-1B collected from brine surge tank and MBL-1 sampling points were determined by EDX analysis. The clays are composed dominantly of 02 ( 70-80 wt. %) and Si ( 10-15 wt. %), and minor amounts of Na, Mg, and Al (below 5 wt.%). Trace to nil K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cl are also present. In MBL-1 B, however, significant amounts of Fe ( 6.5 wt. %) is present in the sample. These elemental compositions are consistent with the general formula of smectite as will be discussed later. 

Surge tank (including auxiliary standpipe volumes). 

Surge tank level and inventory for normal fill, emergency fill, and emergency spill systems. 

The supply of gas under constant pressure can be obtained either by the constant-level tank arrangement or by a compressor or cylinder through a surge tank. If mass transfer is to be avoided during bubble formation, then the gas can be passed through a bubbler containing the same liquid as that in which the bubble formation is to be studied. 

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