Liquid feed system

STABREX is easier and simpler to use compared to any other oxidant available for industrial water treatment. The product is pumped directly from returnable transporters (PortaFeed Systems)17 with standard chemical feed equipment. Previously, the only practical ways to apply bromine were to oxidize bromide solutions on-site with chlorine in dual liquid feed systems, or with one of the solid organically-stabilized bromine products applied from sidestream erosion feeders. The former is cumbersome and complex, and the latter is prone to dusting and difficult to control. Other oxidants require complex handling and feed of toxic volatile gases, unstable liquids, multiple-component products, or reactive solids. Simplicity in use results in reduced risk to workers and to the environment. 

Fig. 7.6. Spray dryer for production of coarse food powders with instant properties [29]. (1) Liquid feed system. (2) Spray dryer chamber. (3) Drying air heater. (4) Cyclones for fines recovery. (5) Vibrofluidizer as after-dryer. (6) Vibrofluidizer as after-cooler. (7) Fines return to drying chamber.

II - boiling vessel, 12 - valve, 13 - liquid feeding system, 14 - test sample, 15 - measuring complex, 16 - initial information, 17 - experimental results... 

Leak test liquid feed systems PF/Operations team... 

J.C. Andrade, M. Ferreira, N. Baccan, A constant-flow gravity liquid-feed system for use in flow injection analysis, Quim. Nova 9 (1986) 123. 

Fig. 13. Spray-dryer system designed for production of agglomerated food powders with instant properties (82) A, liquid-feed system B, spray-dryer chamber C, drying air heater D, cyclones for fines recovery E, vibrofluidizer as afterdryer F, vibrofluidizer as aftercooler and G, fines return to drying...

ALTERNATIVE LIQUID FEED SYSTEMS FOR OVERHEAD STORAGE... 

In the case of integrally mounted cell systems the equipment can be designed to operate in any altitude and therefore, in any gravity condition. In a liquid feed system, the gravity problem is not quite as simple if the system must operate under zero or negative gravity conditions for any period of time. A typical liquid feed system will maintain cell temperature for periods of time up to three minutes in an inverted position. However, for extended periods of time, a positive expulsion means for the liquid can be provided other than one dependent on gravity. 

Question by J. H. Beckman, Linde Company In view of the much greater refrigeration efficiency of the liquid feed system, why is the weight and space saving so small as compared with the high pressure converter system ... 

Control over the residue content (required by Specification D 1835) is of considerable importance in end-use applications. In liquid feed systems residues may lead to troublesome deposits and, in vapor offtake systems, residues that are carried over can foul regulating equipment. Those that remain will accumulate, can be corrosive, and will contaminate following product. Water, particularly if alkaline, can cause failure of r ulating equipment and corrosion of metals. 

LPG, stored as a liquid at its saturation pressure, is vaporized and introduced as vapor in conventional spark ignition motors. These motors are not modified with the exception of their feed system. Moreover, in the majority of cases, dual fuel capabilities have been adapted, that is, the vehicle can use either LPG or liquid fuel. 

Membrane Pervaporation Since 1987, membrane pei vapora-tion has become widely accepted in the CPI as an effective means of separation and recovery of liquid-phase process streams. It is most commonly used to dehydrate hquid hydrocarbons to yield a high-purity ethanol, isopropanol, and ethylene glycol product. The method basically consists of a selec tively-permeable membrane layer separating a liquid feed stream and a gas phase permeate stream as shown in Fig. 25-19. The permeation rate and selectivity is governed bv the physicochemical composition of the membrane. Pei vaporation differs From reverse osmosis systems in that the permeate rate is not a function of osmotic pressure, since the permeate is maintained at saturation pressure (Ref. 24). 

Fluidized-bed process incinerators have been used mostly in the petroleum and paper industries, and for processing nuclear wastes, spent cook liquor, wood chips, and sewage sludge disposal. Wastes in any physical state can be applied to a fluidized-bed process incinerator. Au.xiliary equipment includes a fuel burner system, an air supply system, and feed systems for liquid and solid wastes. The two basic bed design modes, bubbling bed and circulating bed, are distinguished by the e.xtent to which solids are entrained from the bed into the gas stream. 

In general, high selectivities can be obtained in liquid membrane systems. However, one disadvantage of this technique is that the enantiomer ratio in the permeate decreases rapidly when the feed stream is depleted in one enantiomer. Racemization of the feed would be an approach to tackle this problem or, alternatively, using a system containing the two opposite selectors, so that the feed stream remains virtually racemic [21]. Another potential drawback of supported enantioselective liquid membranes is the application on an industrial scale. Often a complex multistage process is required in order to achieve the desired purity of the product. This leads to a relatively complicated flow scheme and expensive process equipment for large-scale separations. 

To aid in solving the tedious Underwood equation to ultimately arrive at (L/D)niin, Frank [100] has developed Figure 8-47, which applies for liquid feed at its bubble point and whether the system is binary or multicomponent, but does require that the key components are adjacent. Otherwise, the system must be solved for two values of 0 [74]. To obtain the necessary parameters for Figure 8-47, Frank recommends using the same overhead con-... 

Feed/catalyst injection. A well-designed injection system provides a rapid and uniform vaporization of the liquid feed. This will lower delta coke by minimizing non-catalytic coke deposition as well as reducing the deposits of heavy material on the catalyst. 

The general operation of the pilot scale reactor has be previously described by Pareek et. al. [3]. However, modifications were required to allow the injection of the gas and liquid tracers, and their subsequent detection at the outlets. The liquid tracer, 5mL Methyl blue solution (lOgL" ), was injected via a syringe inserted into the liquid feed line. Outlet samples were measured with a Shimadzu 1601 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 635nm. A pulse (20mL) of helium gas tracer was introduced using an automated control system, with the outlet concentration monitored in real-time with a thermal conductivity detector. Runs were carried out based on a two-level... 

Figure 1. Key elements of the TAP reactor (A) and high pressure fixed bed reactor (B) experimental systems. The TAP reactor schematic shows the heated valve manifold and reactor with the elevated pressure attachment located in the main high vacuum chamber. The fixed bed reactor shows the feed system, liquid vaporizer, oxygen disperser, reactor, and waste recovery system.

The reactors are cylindrical in shape and can carry up to 30 mg of resin. Polymer sieves at the top and bottom of the cylinders serve for liquid feed and withdrawal. The array of reactors is attached to a capillary system allowing feed to either columns or rows. This distribution system is said to provide uniform charges to the various reactors. A specific detail of the reaction system is that mixing is achieved by pneumatic actuation using a fluoropolymer membrane (Figure 4.36). 

A single-column distillation configuration called Flash Compact System has been proposed which is capable of delivering an equivalent high purity product. The key advantage lies in the lower capital and operating costs. The feed is heated and pre-flashed and then sent to a distillation column as two. separate vapour and liquid feeds. 

A second-order reaction takes place in a two-phase batch system. Reactant A is supplied by gas-liquid transfer and reactant B supplied by liquid feed. The model equations are... 

Various aspects of in vitro gas production test have been reviewed by Getachew et al. [33], and these authors reported that gas measurement were centered on investigations of rumen microbial activities using manometric measurements and concluded that these methods do not have wide acceptability in routine feed evaluation since there was no provision for the mechanical stirring of the sample during incubation. Another in vitro automated pressure transducer method for gas production measurement was developed by Wilkins [34], and the method was validated by Blummel and Orskov [35] and Makkar et al. [36]. There are several other gas-measuring techniques such as (i) Flohenheim gas method or Menke s method [37] (ii) liquid displacement system [38] (iii) manometric method [39] (iv) pressure transducer systems manual [40], computerized [41], and combination of pressure transducer and gas release system [42]. 

CH4 emitted from manure depends primarily on (i) the management system such as solid disposal system, liquid disposal systems, e.g., ponds, lagoons, and tanks, which can emit up to 80% of manure-based CH4 emissions, while solid manure emits little or no CH4. (ii) Environmental conditions are also important. The higher the temperature and moisture, the more CH4 produced, (iii) CH4 emissions also depend on the quantity of the manure produced, which depends on the number of animals housed, the amount of feed the consumed, and the digestibility of the feed, (iv) Manure characteristics depend on the animal type, feed quality, and rumen microbes present in the rumen and digestive tracks. Manure handled in liquid form tends to release more amount of CH4 when compared to solid or manures thrown into the pasture, which do not decompose anaerobically. High temperatures with neutral pH and high moisture content enhance CH4 production [45],... 

Silicone process oils mixed with liquid chlorine confined in a stainless steel bomb reacted explosively on heating polydimethysiloxane at 88-118°C, and poly-methyltrilluoropropylsiloxane at 68-114°C. Previously, leakage of a silicone pump oil into a liquid chlorine feed system had caused rupture of a stainless steel ball valve under a pressure singe of about 2 kbar. 

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