Pump, pumping system

The above example is a simple one, and it can be seen that the individual items form part of the chain in the production system, in which the items are dependent on each other. For example, the operating pressure and temperature of the separators will determine the inlet conditions for the export pump. System modelling may be performed to determine the impact of a change of conditions in one part of the process to the overall system performance. This involves linking together the mathematical simulation of the components, e.g. the reservoir simulation, tubing performance, process simulation, and pipeline behaviour programmes. In this way the dependencies can be modelled, and sensitivities can be performed as calculations prior to implementation. 

A wide variety of metliods has been used to pump laser systems. Altliough optical pumping has been implied, tliere is an array of collisionally or electron impact pumped systems, as well as electrically pumped metliods. The efficiency of tire pumping cycle in many ways defines tire utility and applications of each scheme. The first... 

The resulting fault tree is shown in Figure 6, in which the top event is defined in terms of two intermediate events failure of the tank system or failure of the pumping system. Failure in either system would contribute to the overall system failure. The intermediate events are then further defined in terms of basic events. All of the basic events are related by AND gates because the overall system failure requires the failure of all of the individual components. Failures of the tanks and pumps are basic events because, without additional information, these events cannot be resolved any further. 

By changing the role of the piezoelecttic crystal from regulating drop formation to propelling drops, the need for high pressure ink-pumping systems, drop charging and deflection systems, and waste ink plumbing systems were eliminated. 

This provides another criterion for testing whether a heat-pump system may be cost-effective. A power plant takes three units of to yield one unit of W. Therefore, to provide any incentive for less overall energy use, Q W must be far in excess of 3. 

Diffusion Pump System. After the pump line and trap have been shut off, a large valve is opened slowly enough that the mass flow of gas from the chamber through the valve into the od-diffusion pump system does not dismpt the top jet of the diffusion pump (DP) (Fig. 4). When the Hquid nitrogen is replenished after the trap has been operated for some time, release of previously trapped gas must be avoided. The so-caded ionization-gauge response pips at the start of the Hquid-nitrogen replenishment are an indication of trap ineffectiveness. 

The amount of inerts which has to be removed by a pumping system after the pump-down stage depends on the in-leakage of air at the various fittings, connections, and so on. Air leakage is often correlated with system volume and pressure, but this approach introduces uncer-... 

Heat pumps are particularly suitable for recycling heat energy in the chemical-process industries. For the outlay of an additional fixed-capital expenditure Cec on a heat-pump system, a considerable reduction in the annual heating cost can be effected. 

The payback period in years for a heat-pump system is the additional feed-capital cost Cpc divided by the annual saving on heating costs. This can be written as... 

Collection and analysis of vibration signatures is a complex procedure. By looking at a vibration spectrum, one can identify which components of the pump system are responsible for a particular frequency component. Comparison of vibration signatures at periodic intervals reveals if a particular component is deteriorating. The following example illustrates evaluation of the frequency composition of an electric motor gear pump system. 

As the mechanical integrity of the pump system changes, the amplitude of vibration levels change. In some cases, in order to identify the source of vibration, pump speed may have to be varied, as these problems are frequency- or resonance-dependent. Pump impeller imbalance and cavitation are related to this category. Table 10-11 classifies different types of pump-related problems, their possible causes and corrective actions. 

Loop Reactors For some gas-hquid-solid processes, a recirculating loop can be an effective reactor. These involve a relatively high horsepower pumping system and various kinds of nozzles, baffles, and turbulence generators in the loop system. These have power levels... 

A friction loss of 37.125 m In a total length of 1000 m is quite high and will require a larger motor. Therefore, a 150 mm main pipeline will offer a better and more economical design compared to a 125 mm pipeline such as the reduced cost of the prime mover and lower power consumption during the life of pumping system, in addition to a longer life span of a 150 mm pipe compared to a 125 mm pipe. 

This book is dedicated to pumps but we should mention that cavitation eould occur in other parts of the pumping system. Under the correct eireumstanees, valves and pipe elbows are also candidates to suffer damage from cavitation. 

The Total Dynamic Head (TDH) of each and every pumping system is composed of up to four heads or pressures. Not all systems contain all four heads. Some contain less than four. They are ... 

Pump operators and pumping systems are plagued by unexpected premature bearing failures. Even if the cost of the bearing is small, the... 

When operating just one pump in a parallel pump system. 

There are numerous reasons why seals fail prematurely. The origin of the failure can reside in the pumping system, in the pump operation, or the maintenance shop, the storeroom, or even before the seal arrived into the plant. The first sign of failure normally is lit]uid on the floor. 

Look for the evidence - The evidence is the manifestation of the symptoms. The evidence indicates that there is a problem with the pumping system. Example the discharge gauges indicate a low pressure . 

Wc all know that piping is integral to the pump system. Beeause it is eonneeted to the suetion and diseharge, the piping affeets the health and well being of the pump. Ineorreet pipe installation prejudices the pump s useful life. 

Viscosity is a measure of the resistance to flow and is important in the design of fuel pumping systems. 

This is an important part of the pump system and should be thought of as a very speeialized piping design. Considerable attention must be direeted to the pump suetion piping to ensure satisfactory pump operation. 

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