Reactive Solids

Small areas Collect the agent using a vacuum cleaner. Place the collected material into containers lined with high-density polyethylene. Wash the area with copious amounts of soap and water. Collect and containerize the rinseate in containers lined with high-density polyethylene. Ventilate the area to remove any agent vapors generated during the decontamination. 

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Va2o-64, Self-Reactive Solid Type C, Temperature Controlled (2,2 -a2odi(iso-butyronitrile)). 

Va2o-88, Self-Reactive Solid Type D (l,l -a2odi(hexahydroben2onitrile)). 

Chemical reaction sources catalysis, reaction with powerful oxidants, reaction of metals with halocarhons, thermite reaction, thermally unstahle materials, accumulation of unstahle materials, pyrophoric materials, polymerization, decomposition, heat of adsorption, water reactive solids, incompatihle materials. 

The commonest form of phosphorus, and the one which is usually formed by condensation from the gaseous or liquid states, is the waxy, cubic, white form o -P4 (d 1.8232 gcm at 20°C). This, paradoxically, is also the most volatile and reactive solid form and thermodynamically the least stable. It is the slow phosphorescent oxidation of the vapour above these crystals that gives white phosphorus its most characteristic property. Indeed, the emission of yellow-green light from the oxidation of P4 is one of the earliest recorded examples of chemiluminescence, though the details of the reaction... 

The compounds are isolated by sublimation from the reaction mixture. Perhaps surprisingly the compounds fall into two quite distinct classes. Those of Np and Pu are unstable, volatile, monomeric liquids which at low temperatures crystallize with the 12-coordinate structure of Zr(BFl4)4 (Fig. 21.7, p. 969). The borohydrides of Th, Pa and U, on the other hand, are thermally more stable and less reactive solids. They possess a curious helical polymeric structure in which each An is surrounded by 6 BFI4 ions, 4 being bridging groups attached by 2 FI atoms and... 

C04-0138. Compounds that undergo explosions typically produce large quantities of hot gases from much smaller volumes of highly reactive solids or liquids. Balance the reaction for the decomposition of nitroglycerine, a violent explosive C3 H5 N3 Og(/) N2(g) + C02(g) + H2 0(g) + 02(g)... 

STABREX is easier and simpler to use compared to any other oxidant available for industrial water treatment. The product is pumped directly from returnable transporters (PortaFeed Systems)17 with standard chemical feed equipment. Previously, the only practical ways to apply bromine were to oxidize bromide solutions on-site with chlorine in dual liquid feed systems, or with one of the solid organically-stabilized bromine products applied from sidestream erosion feeders. The former is cumbersome and complex, and the latter is prone to dusting and difficult to control. Other oxidants require complex handling and feed of toxic volatile gases, unstable liquids, multiple-component products, or reactive solids. Simplicity in use results in reduced risk to workers and to the environment. 

A powerfully reducing and reactive solid (m.p., 15°C) of high vapour pressure (b.p., 50°C). Mixtures with air may explode, and contact with water causes violent polymerisation [1], More usually encountered polymeric or as a hydrate. Like formaldehyde, pure glyoxal may polymerise exothermally and ignite in storage [2],... 

Recently very reactive solid bases have been devised, which are prepared by derivatization of amorphous silica and hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) with the dimethylaminopropyl group (Eq. 4.113).151b... 

French chemist Bernard Courtois Highly reactive solid that vaporizes to a violet-colored gas found in seaweed used as an antiseptic, in salt compounds as a dietary supplement, and in the production of photographic film. 

A gel is delined as a hydrous metal aluminosilicate prepared from either aqueous solutions, reactive solids, colloidal sols, or reactive aluminosilicates such as the residue structure of metakaolin and glasses. 

Another type of stability problem arises in reactors containing reactive solid or catalyst particles. During chemical reaction the particles themselves pass through various states of thermal equilibrium, and regions of instability will exist along the reactor bed. Consider, for example, a first-order catalytic reaction in an adiabatic tubular reactor and further suppose that the reactor operates in a region where there is no diffusion limitation within the particles. The steady state condition for reaction in the particle may then be expressed by equating the rate of chemical reaction to the rate of mass transfer. The rate of chemical reaction per unit reactor volume will be (1 - e)kCAi since the effectiveness factor rj is considered to be unity. From equation 3.66 the rate of mass transfer per unit volume is (1 - e) (Sx/Vp)hD(CAG CAl) so the steady state condition is ... 

The channel flow cell has been used to study a wide variety of liquid-solid reactions. It consists of a tube of rectangular cross section, typically 4.5 cm long by 0.6 cm wide by 0.1 cm deep (Fig. 5.20). The reactive solid is embedded in the base of the cell and a detector downstream of the reactive solid is used to monitor reactant and product concentrations. 

Heat transfer in large volumes of solid is poor, thus a reactive solid may slowly raise the temperature to a level where runaway is unavoidable. 

The problem of conductive heat transfer in an inert solid can be solved algebraically, when there is no heat source in the solid. Nevertheless, this problem is not within the scope of our considerations about thermal confinement, since we are interested in the thermal behavior of a reactive solid, that is, a solid comprising a heat source in itself, which requires specific mathematical treatment. 

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