Pulmonary classification

The signs and symptoms of lung cancer can be classified as pulmonary, extrapulmonary, and paraneoplastic. These classifications relate to disease progression. 

Lung Clearance Class (fast, F medium, M slow, S)—A classification scheme for inhaled material according to its rate of clearance from the pulmonary region of the lungs to the blood and the gastrointestinal tract. 

A casualty with onset of symptoms (pulmonary edema, cyanosis, and hypotension or persistent hypotension despite intensive medical care) less than 4 hours postexposure. This triage classification is resource dependent. 

Light Vacuum Gas Oil CAS number Classification Hazard class TSCA Safety profile 64741-58-8 Flammable Liquid 3 Reported in inventory Possible carcinogen pulmonary aspiration can cause severe pneumonitis. 

Measurements of arterial pressure, cardiac output, stroke work index, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure are particularly useful in patients with acute myocardial infarction and acute heart failure. Such patients can be usefully characterized on the basis of three hemodynamic measurements arterial pressure, left ventricular filling pressure, and cardiac index. One such classification and therapies that have proved most effective are set forth in Table 13-4. When filling pressure is greater than 15 mm Hg and stroke work index is less than 20 g-m/m2, the mortality rate is high. Intermediate levels of these two variables imply a much better prognosis. 

Although this classification is somewhat arbitrary and there are numerous individual cell types within each of these compartments, this consideration is meant to be functional with regard to potential gene transfer targets, rather than comprehensive in the context of pulmonary anatomy. In that context, one begins to consider individual disease states in terms of which compartment or compartments must serve as targets for gene transfer. 

Anemia baseline hematocrit value <39% for men and >36% for women congestive heart failure class III/1V by New York Heart Association classification and/or history of pulmonary edema Hypotension systolic blood pressure <80mmHg for at least 1 hr requiring inotropic support with medications or intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) within ... 

With the advent of new biotechnological techniques endogenous compounds like insulin, buserelin or octreotide have become available at affordable prices. All of these substances still have to undergo needle application. Until today the development of alternative delivery systems for the nasal, buccal, peroral, rectal and pulmonary routes for the administration of those class III drugs according to the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) (Amidon et al. 1995) could not keep pace with this development of endogenous compounds or is not economic enough for the health care payers (e.g. insulin application via the pulmonary route). 

Table 1. Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ...

Over the past decades various different classifications of pulmonary aspergillosis have been proposed. Probably one of the best known and widely accepted of all has been presented by Bardana [3]. In this system pulmonary aspergillosis is classified into four groups which will be discussed here in more detail. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 9 Label CLASS 9 (NA 9260) DOT Class 4.1 Label Flammable SoUd (UN 1309) DOT Class 4.3 Label Dangerous When Wet (UN 1396) SAFETY PROFILE Although aluminum is not generally regarded as an industrial poison, inhalation of finely divided powder has been reported to cause pulmonary fibrosis. It is a reactive metal and the... 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 8 Label Corrosive SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by ingesdon. Human pulmonary system effects by inhaladon. Corrosive by vigorous reacdon with moisture, generadng heat and hydrogen chloride gas (a strong irritant), which can cause pulmonary edema when inhaled. Systemic effects can be caused by the andmony. See also ANTIMONY COMPOUNDS. Experimental reproducdve effects. Mutadon data reported. When heated to decomposidon it emits very toxic fumes of chlorine and andmony. It can react violendy with aluminum, potassium, sodium. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 6.1 Label Poison SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic to humans by an unspecified route. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Mutagenic data. A rodenticide used extensively. Death is caused by pulmonary edema. Chronic... 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 9 Label CLASS 9 SAFETY PROFILE Confirmed human carcinogen producing lung tumors. Experimental neoplastigenic and tumorigenic data. Human pulmonary system effects by inhalation. Usually at least 4 to 7 years of exposure are required before serious lung damage (fibrosis) results. Mutation data reported. A common air contaminant. 

OSHA PEL CL 0.3 ppm ACGIH TLV CL 0.3 ppm DOT CLASSIFICATION 2.3 Label Poison Gas, Flammable Gas SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, and possibly other routes. Toxic by inhalation. Human systemic effects by inhalation lachrymation, conjunctiva irritation, and chronic pulmonary edema or congestion. A primary irritant. A severe human eye irritant. An insecticide. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition or on contact with water or steam, it will react to produce highly toxic and corrosive fumes of Cr, CN, and NOx. See also other cyanogen entries, CYANIDE, and CHLORIDES. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 5.1 Label Oxidizer SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by ingestion. Can cause severe irritation of skin and mucous membranes and emit fumes capable of causing pulmonary edema. Mutation data reported. A powerful oxidizer. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 8 Label Corrosive SAFETY PROFILE Poison byingesdon and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by skin contact. A corrosive irritant to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Can cause pulmonary edema. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Mutadon data reported. A pesdeide. Combusdble when exposed to heat or flame can react vigorously on contact with oxidizing materials. Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 6.1 Label Poison, Flammable Liquid DOT Class 3 Label Flammable Liquid, Poison SAFETY PROFILE Poison by inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. Human systemic effects by inhalation conjunctiva irritation, olfactory and pulmonary changes. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data... 

This entry presents a discussion of the principles of respiratory toxicology including (1) an historical perspective, (2) approaches used to evaluate respiratory responses to inhaled chemicals, (3) classification of airborne chemicals, (4) concepts of dose-time relationships, (5) factors influencing toxicity of airborne substances, (6) the basic biology of the respiratory system with emphasis on those structures and functions that are involved in toxicological responses, (7) biomarkers of pulmonary effects, (8) toxicological response associated with inhaled chemicals, and (9) assessing the human risk of airborne chemicals. 

Currently, staging of CHF patients is with the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classifications I to IV. Class I patients are generally considered asymptomatic, with no restrictions on physical activity class IV patients are often symptomatic at rest, with severe limitations on physical activity. The problem with this classification system is that much of it is based on subjective criteria. Thus patients with co-morbidities that reduce their activities are often not detected. In addition, there are many causes for dyspnea, which is the primary symptom in many of these individuals. Finally, many patients with ventricular dysfunction modify their activities to accomplish activities of daily living and thus lack overt symptoms until late in their disease. Thus patients with CHF often go undiagnosed and untreated early in their disease or are misdiagnosed because of diseases such as pulmonary disease. Initiating treatment in the more... 

Advanced age, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, recurrent or persistent pain. The prognosis is worse in diabetics and elderly patients, especially in presence of renal failure, sinus tachycardia and evident haemodynamic impairment (hypotension, pulmonary oedema, etc.) (grade 3-4 of Killip classification) (Wiviott et al, 2006). 

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