Product cost summary

Table 6.2 Production Cost Summary Malta Seawater RO Plant...

I 74 Continuous Processing in Pharmaceutical Manufacture Table 14.1 Summary of production costs [45]. 

In summary, economic analysis of medical technology or medical care evaluates a medical service by comparing its monetary cost with its monetary benefit (cost-benefit), by measuring its monetary cost in relation to its outcomes (cost-effectiveness), or simply by tabulating the costs involved (cost-identification). Direct costs are generated as services are provided. In addition, productivity costs should be considered, especially in determining the benefit of a service that decreases morbidity or mortality. Finally, the perspective of the study determines the costs and benefits that will be quantified in the analysis, and sensitivity analyses test the effects of changes in variable specifications for estimated measures on the results of the study. 

In summary, we have found that the optimum (within the limits of this study) a for shelf-life is 0.54. In addition, the dryer inlet and exit air temperatures had no effect upon oil retention and perhaps only a minor effect upon shelf-life. If there is a significant effect it is that the higher inlet air temperature actually yielded a better shelf-life. A higher temperature differential means that dryer throughput also is increased and operating costs are cut. The more product that can be produced per hour, the lower the production costs. A larger temperature differential also results in a higher final product moisture. 

Summary. It is obvious from the foregoing paragraphs that there is inherent variability in the raw material supply chain before the extraction process itself is even stalled. This will introduce variability into the subsequent process and influence product costs. 

COMPARATIVE COST SUMMARY REFINING OF SRC-II OIL "GRASS ROOTS" REFINERIES PRODUCING 50,000 BARRELS PER CALENDAR DAY OF DESIRED PRODUCTS DOE CONTRACT EF-76-C-01-2315 ... 

In summary, enzymatic hydrolysis presents numerous possibilities to modify the properties of proteins. Several food-grade enzymes with different specificities are now available. The selection of an enzyme is mainly dictated by its cost, while the cost of an enzyme accounts for only a small percentage of the protein hydrolysate production cost. 

Annex XVI provides a very brief two-page summary of information that can be considered when conducting a socio-economic analyses such as impact of bans on product performance or availability feasibility of alternative processes or products costs of implementing risk management measures social implications on job security impact of regulation on environmental or consumer protection and wider implications on industrial competitiveness. 

It is useful to create a single-page summary of all of the production costs and revenues associated with a project, as this makes it easier to review the project economics and understand the relative contribution of different components to the overall cost of production. The summary sheet usually lists the quantity per year and per unit production of product, the price, the cost per year, and the cost per unit production of product for each of the raw materials, byproducts, consumables, and utilities, as well as fixed costs and capital charges. 

Schaffer EL, Jokerst RW, Moody RC, Peters CC, Tschemitz IL and Zahn JJ (1972) Feasibility of producing a high-yield laminated structural product general summary. USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Research Paper FPL 175 Schaffer EL, Jokerst RW, Moody RC, Peters CC, Tschemitz IL and Zahn JJ (1977) Press-lam progress in technical development of laminated veneer structural products. USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Research Paper FPL 279 Schaffner RD (1991) Drying costs a brief introduction. In Australian Timber Seasoning Manual. Australian Furniture Research and Development Institute, Launceston, Tasmania... 

Table 1 reproduces a summary of hydrogen production cost using SMR as compiled in [7] where... 

The use of automation results in improved precision, by reducing sample-to-sample variation, and it reduces the number of operator errors compared to manual methods. Operator burnout from the repetitive motions of SPE is also removed. Just-in-time analysis may be used, and automated SPE methods may be linked directly with liquid chromatography or gas chromatography (GC) for totally automated analysis. Furthermore, overnight runs are possible to make maximum use of time for sample production. In summary, automation reduces cost by freeing-up personnel from the use of vacuum boxes and tedious pipetting and column conditioning and elution. An automated SPE instrument allows for 24-hr operation, with or without supervision. 

CAPITAL COST SUMMARY (ACETYLENE PRODUCTION ONLY)... 

Tablk 0-18. Summary ok Total Product Costs 1. I rofluct X in drums, bags, tank cars, etc.)... 

Interpreting the optimization software s output is the last step in the optimization process. A typical Scrap Cost Summary Report is shown in Fig. 3. This report is usually reviewed by a team of key employees from the engineering, purchasing, material planning, and production departments. The report allows the team to look at the overall costs and weigh the trade-offs between the scrap rate and the number of master sizes. 

In summary, it appears that opportunities for reducing fertilizer production costs via new technologies are limited. However, recent consolidations have resulted in a few closures of high cost plants, and have contributed to increased operating rates for the lower cost producers. This has reduced costs and has increased the percentage of fertilizer intermediates and finished products which enter world trade. Importers have entered into joint ventures with firms in energy (primarily natural gas-rich countries) or with firms which have access to phosphate or potash reserves. This also contributes to reduced costs. 

In summary, when considering alternative processes for producing plastic and composite products, the major concerns usually involve 1) limitations that may be imposed by the material, because not all materials can be processed by all methods 2) limitations imposed by the design, such as the size, single-piece versus multiple-piece construction, a closed or open shape, and the level of dimensional and tolerance accuracy required 3) the number of products required and 4) the available capital equipment. Certain equipment may already be available and in use, although it may not necessarily be the one needed for the lowest production cost. 

Building Automation and Control Systems Operation and Maintenance PRODUCT PREVENTIVE/PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES TROUBLESHOOTING AND REPAIR TIPS CRITERIA FOR REPAIR VERSUS REPLACEMENT HOW MUCH SHOULD MAINTENANCE ON MY CONTROLS COST SUMMARY... 

In summary, Lactobacillus sp. CFR-2180 produced large quantity (22 g/L) of a new acidic HePS, which is being reported for the first time, which had mannose, galactose and glucose in 1 7 5 ratios. Optimization of the HePS production under defined fermentation conditions, using cheap carbon sources (byproducts of food industry) can further reduce its production cost. Upon the characterization of the functional properties of the HePS, its application in food and allied industries can be exploited. 

In summary, the bad features of partial combustion processes are the cost of oxygen and the dilution of the cracked gases with combustion products. Flame stability is always a potential problem. These features are more than offset by the inherent simplicity of the operation, which is the reason that partial combustion is the predominant process for manufacturing acetylene from hydrocarbons. 

Foreign. The OECD/NEA and IAEA have issued annual reports on world uranium resources, production, and demand since the mid-1960s (2—6). NEA/IAEA data for reasonably assured and estimated additional resources at costs of 80 and 130/kg uranium are given in Table 2 (21). These estimates incorporate data from both former world outside centrally planned economies (WOCA) and non-WOCA nations. A summary of other known uranium resources with and without cost range estimates is provided in Table 3 (22). These resources total about 1.4 x 10 t and include estimates that are not strictly consistent with standard NEA/IAEA definitions. 

The specific use appHcations of sodium chlorite varies from country to country. Important factors are the regulatory and environmental laws in effect for air and water quaUty standards. Sodium chlorite is generally priced at about four to six times the cost of sodium chlorate. The Hst price of 80% technical-grade NaC102 in January 1991 was 2.65/kg (146). In 1990, the estimated consumption of sodium chlorate for the production of sodium chlorite in Canada was about 2700 metric tons and about 9100 metric tons in the United States (74). In Western Europe, the 1990 chlorate consumption estimate was about 11,000 metric tons. A summary of 1991 U.S. and foreign sodium chlorite producer annual plant capacities in various world market areas is given in Table 3. 

Removal of metal chlorides from the bottoms of the Hquid-phase ethylene chlorination process has been studied (43). A detailed summary of production methods, emissions, emission controls, costs, and impacts of the control measures has been made (44). Residues from this process can also be recovered by evaporation, decomposition at high temperatures, and distillation (45). A review of the by-products produced in the different manufacturing processes has also been performed (46). Several processes have been developed to limit ethylene losses in the inerts purge from an oxychlorination reactor (47,48). 

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