Medical technology

Plastics parts can become contaminated with oil or grease during the production process. Therefore, medical products are cleaned prior to sterilization. For most applications, it is sufficient to clean the plastics article with a mild detergent and then rinse with tap water and distilled water [517]. 

Investigations have shown that medicai products manufactured from plastics are compatibie with a large number of commercial disinfectants nonetheless, their suitabiiity for the specific appiication case should be checked before recommending a disinfectant [517]. 

The behavior of plastics during sterilizing by common methods is compiled in Section 5.6.3.2. 

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Human blood plasma contains over 700 different proteins (qv) (1). Some of these are used in the treatment of illness and injury and form a set of pharmaceutical products that have become essential to modem medicine (Table 1). Preparation of these products is commonly referred to as blood plasma fractionation, an activity often regarded as a branch of medical technology, but which is actually a process industry engaged in the manufacture of speciaUst biopharmaceutical products derived from a natural biological feedstock (see Pharmaceuticals). 

Use of coherent light sources in industrial appHcations has led to the field of photodynamic therapy as a photochemically based medical technology (9—11). The apphcation of photochemistry to information storage and communication processes is expected (12) (see Information storage materials Resist materials). 

As the affordability of new medical technologies continues to be the subject of heated debate, so attention increasingly focuses on cost-effectiveness (the balance between costs and outcomes). Drug therapy, which is perhaps the most readily measured treatment cost, has attracted particular scrutiny. 

This substance has been developed by Miravant Medical Technologies, Santa Barbara, California, www.miravant.-... 

SPECT is routinely available in most nuclear medicine clinics throughout the world, whereas PET is more specialized, but is increasingly available in countries with high levels of medical technology especially with the advent... 

As noted by Goldsmith, medical technologies do not inherently increase health care costs. Their effects are broad-based and complex. Advances in medical technology may influence (1) the population at risk, (2) the cost of each treatment, (3) the risk of complications, (4) clinical incomes or hospital revenue, (5) the need for additional treatment, and/or (6) patients quality of life (Goldsmith, 1994). The pharmacoeconomics of an intervention are particularly important when the intervention is a therapeutic breakthrough (leads to better patient outcomes), is relatively expensive compared... 

Pharmacological-Toxicological Assessment Section Centre for Biological Medicines and Medical Technology National Institute of Public and Environment... 

Antidote Auto-Injectors Meridian Medical Technologies, Inc. (10240 Old Columbia Road, Columbia, MD 21046. Tel. 410-309-1477, or 800-638-8093, FAX 410-309-1475,... 

Brown, R. E., and B. R. Luce. 1990. The value of pharmaceuticals A study of selected conditions to measure the contribution of pharmaceuticals to health status. Washington, DC Battelle Medical Technology and Policy Research Center. 

Both of these are false—Rohypnol pills are often crushed by dealers into a powder, and this powder may contain many contaminants incorporated by drug dealers. In addition, advances in medical technology can now detect Rohypnol metabolites in bodily fluids for 2-3 days after taking the drug. 

Argentina National Administration of Drugs, Foods and Medical Technology... 

This scan, a product of a nuclear medical technology called PET, shows changes in metaholic activity in different parts of the brain. The red colour indicates greater activity. 

For discussions concerning informed consent and medical experimentation on prison populations, see Mark, Vernon H, Neville, Robert, (1977) Brain Surgery in Aggressive Epileptics Social and Ethical Implications. Ethical Issues in Modern Medicine, (eds, Robert Hunt John Arras). Veatch, Robert M, (1977). Case Studies In Medical Ethics, pp, 267-71 Bernier, Barbara L, (1994) Class, Race, And Poverty Medical Technologies And Socio-Political Choices. 11 Harv. BlackLetter J. 115,... 

PE foams are recommended because of their properties, especially for use in packaging. In medical technology they are also of interest because of their purity. In car construction we value their flexibility that is almost independent of temperature as well as the very low fogging effect. This study shows how the real strength of PE foams can be improved. 

Center for Biological Medicines and Medical Technology Antoni van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9 3721 MA Bilthoven The Netherlands... 

Pharmaceutical biotechnology. 2. Medical technology. I. Title. II. Series. 

Conventional evaluation of new medical technologies such as pharmaceutical products includes consideration of efficacy, effectiveness, and safety. The methodology for such analyses is well developed, and studies of safety and efficacy often are required prior to drug marketing. Health care researchers from a variety of disciplines have developed new techniques for the evaluation of the economic effects of clinical care and new medical technologies. Clinicians, pharmacists, economists, epidemiologists, operations researchers, and others have contributed to the field of clinical economics , an evolving discipline dedicated to the study of how different approaches to patient care and treatment influence the resources consumed in clinical medicine. 

In summary, economic analysis of medical technology or medical care evaluates a medical service by comparing its monetary cost with its monetary benefit (cost-benefit), by measuring its monetary cost in relation to its outcomes (cost-effectiveness), or simply by tabulating the costs involved (cost-identification). Direct costs are generated as services are provided. In addition, productivity costs should be considered, especially in determining the benefit of a service that decreases morbidity or mortality. Finally, the perspective of the study determines the costs and benefits that will be quantified in the analysis, and sensitivity analyses test the effects of changes in variable specifications for estimated measures on the results of the study. 

These methods have been well developed in medical technology assessment as well as in other fields of economic research. However, there remain a number of methodological issues that confront investigators in economic evaluations of pharmaceutical therapies. This section reviews some of these issues as they arise in the design, analysis, and interpretation of pharmacoeconomic evaluations. 

Meridian Medical Technologies (2009) US Armed services products, www.meridianmeds. com/us arm ed forces.html... 

Other polymer modifications involve surface or bulk modifications, and a majority of them are used in medical technology. Examples of these processes are ... 

Department of Chemistry, Medical Technology and Physics, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ 07764... 

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