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Pressure Processes

If refrigeration is required, consider higher pressure process conditions if this allows a less hazardous refrigerant to be used. [Pg.271]

Linde process A high-pressure process for the production of liquid oxygen and nitrogen by compression to about 200 bar (20MN/m ) followed by refrigeration and fractionation in a double column. [Pg.240]

Fig,3. The results of UT of a section of the case of a high-pressure process column. [Pg.793]

In analogy to the constant-pressure process, constant temperature is defined as meaning that the temperature T of the surroundings remains constant and equal to that of the system in its initial and final (equilibrium) states. First to be considered are constant-temperature constant-volume processes (again Aw = 0). For a reversible process... [Pg.346]

Figure 4.3a shows schematically how the Gibbs free energy of liquid (subscript 1) and crystalline (subscript c) samples of the same material vary with temperature. For constant temperature-constant pressure processes the criterion for spontaneity is a negative value for AG, where the A signifies the difference final minus initial for the property under consideration. Applying this criterion to Fig. 4.3, we conclude immediately that above T , AGf = Gj - G. is negative... [Pg.206]

Another example is the purification of a P-lactam antibiotic, where process-scale reversed-phase separations began to be used around 1983 when suitable, high pressure process-scale equipment became available. A reversed-phase microparticulate (55—105 p.m particle size) C g siUca column, with a mobile phase of aqueous methanol having 0.1 Af ammonium phosphate at pH 5.3, was able to fractionate out impurities not readily removed by hquid—hquid extraction (37). Optimization of the separation resulted in recovery of product at 93% purity and 95% yield. This type of separation differs markedly from protein purification in feed concentration ( i 50 200 g/L for cefonicid vs 1 to 10 g/L for protein), molecular weight of impurities (<5000 compared to 10,000—100,000 for proteins), and throughputs ( i l-2 mg/(g stationary phasemin) compared to 0.01—0.1 mg/(gmin) for proteins). [Pg.55]

In the low pressure process, a short shot of a resia containing a blowiag ageat is forced iato the mold where the expandable material is aUowed to expand to fiU the mold under pressures of 690—4140 kPa (100—600 psi). This process produces stmctural foam products with a characteristic surface swid pattern produced by the coUapse of ceUs on the surface of molded articles. [Pg.406]

In the high pressure process, a resia melt containing a chemical blowiag ageat is iajected iato an expandable mold under high pressure. Foaming begias as the mold cavity expands. This process produces stmctural foam products with very smooth surfaces siace the skin is formed before expansion takes place. [Pg.406]

During World War II, nine commercial plants were operated in Germany, five using the normal pressure synthesis, two the medium pressure process, and two having converters of both types. The largest plants had capacities of ca 400 mr / d (2500 bbl/d) of Hquid products. Cobalt catalysts were used exclusively. [Pg.80]

High Pressure in the Chemical Industry. The use of high pressure in industry may be traced to early efforts to Hquefy the so-called permanent gases using a combination of pressure and low temperature. At about the same time the chemical industry was becoming involved in high pressure processes. The discovery of mauveine in 1856 led to the development of the synthetic dye industry which was well estabUshed, particularly in Germany, by the end of the century. Some of the intermediate compounds required for the production of dyes were produced, in autoclaves, at pressures of 5-8 MPa (725-1160 psi). [Pg.76]

The energy consumption (lower heating value of the feedstock plus fuel) of the low pressure process has successively improved from over 38.3 GJ/1 when it was first introduced to 29.0—30.3 GJ/thy the mid-1990s. Natural gas-based reforming plants have advanced to the point where the scope for stiU further gains in efficiency is small and the gains costiy to obtain. [Pg.275]

Fig. 2. Dual-pressure process using extended absorption for NO abatement. RC = refrigerated cooling see Figure 1 for other definitions. Fig. 2. Dual-pressure process using extended absorption for NO abatement. RC = refrigerated cooling see Figure 1 for other definitions.
Dual-Pressure Process. Dual-pressure processes have a medium pressure (ca 0.3—0.6 MPa) front end for ammonia oxidation and a high pressure (1.1—1.5 MPa) tail end for absorption. Some older plants still use atmospheric pressure for ammonia conversion. Compared to high monopressure plants, the lower oxidation pressure improves ammonia yield and catalyst performance. Platinum losses are significantiy lower and production mns are extended by a longer catalyst life. Reduced pressure also results in weaker nitric acid condensate from the cooler condenser, which helps to improve absorber performance. Due to the spHt in operating conditions, the dual-pressure process requires a specialized stainless steel NO compressor. [Pg.41]

In the spht- or dual-pressure process, low to medium pressure gases (ca 0.3—0.6 MPa) containing nitrogen oxides are compressed to ca 1.1—1.5 MPa for efficient absorption in water to make nitric acid. Stainless steel is used for constmction in this corrosive environment and, because of the potential for... [Pg.41]


See other pages where Pressure Processes is mentioned: [Pg.115]    [Pg.791]    [Pg.243]    [Pg.295]    [Pg.381]    [Pg.483]    [Pg.495]    [Pg.495]    [Pg.534]    [Pg.783]    [Pg.5]    [Pg.233]    [Pg.104]    [Pg.457]    [Pg.458]    [Pg.406]    [Pg.461]    [Pg.68]    [Pg.79]    [Pg.80]    [Pg.83]    [Pg.217]    [Pg.76]    [Pg.76]    [Pg.76]    [Pg.534]    [Pg.275]    [Pg.275]    [Pg.38]    [Pg.40]    [Pg.41]    [Pg.41]    [Pg.42]    [Pg.42]    [Pg.42]    [Pg.45]    [Pg.367]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.441 , Pg.442 , Pg.443 , Pg.444 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.290 ]




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Acetic acid BASF high pressure process

Acrylic acid high pressure process

Adiabatic processes constant pressure

Adsorption process design pressure

Adsorption processes high adsorbate pressures

Agglomeration processes compaction pressure

Associative process, pressure effects, high

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization process

Atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma process

Atmospheric pressure plasma processes

Atmospheric pressure process

Atmospheric pressure processing

BASF High-Pressure Process

Biomass gasification high pressure process

Bulk/high-pressure process

Carbon-1 3 high-pressure process

Carotenoids high pressure processing

Chlorine processing discharge pressure

Chlorine processing pressure

Cobalt high-pressure process

Constant-pressure processes defined

Constant-pressure processes enthalpy change calculations

Decomposition reaction, high pressure process

Development of Process and Pressure

Diffusion-controlled processes, pressure effects

Dyeing process pressure

Dynamic high-pressure processing

Dynamic high-pressure processing technology

Dynamic pressure industrial process

Economics pressurized solvent process

Enthalpy constant-pressure processes

Entropy constant-pressure processes

Equipment High pressure processing

Fabrication processes high pressure melt forming

Factors Favouring the Dual-Pressure Process

Factors Favouring the Single-Pressure Process

Flow Processes Depending on the Pressure

Food processing, high hydrostatic pressure

Gas-Assisted High-Pressure Processes

Gases constant-pressure processes

High Pressure Process [for

High Pressure Processing (HPP)

High Pressure in Renewable Energy Processes

High pressure process

High pressure process, diamond synthesis

High-Pressure Polyethylene Manufacturing Process

High-pressure LDPE processes

High-pressure carbon monoxide process

High-pressure carbon oxide process

High-pressure crystallization process

High-pressure disintegration process

High-pressure food processing

High-pressure hydrodesulfurization process

High-pressure hydrogenation processes

High-pressure polyethylene process LDPE)

High-pressure process control systems

High-pressure process streams

High-pressure processing

High-pressure processing description

High-pressure treatment/processing

Historical Retrospect on High-Pressure Processes

Hydrogen processing, pressure-swing

ICI low-pressure methanol process

ICI low-pressure process

Influence of process type on pressure vessel requirements

Internal energy constant-pressure processes

Iron oxide process high pressure operation

Light olefins, pressure intensified epoxidation process

Low pressure methanol processes

Low pressure processing

Low-Density Polyethylene High-Pressure Process

Low-pressure oxo process

Low-pressure polymerization process

Low-pressure process

Manufacturing processes high-pressure LDPE

Medium-pressure process

Methanol from Lignite - Application of the LURGI Pressure Gasification Process

Methanol synthesis high pressure process

Micro-pressurized process

Microflow high-pressure processing

Molecules constant-pressure processes

Monsanto Low-Pressure Process

Moulding processes high-pressure

Osmotic pressure kinetic process

Ostwald process pressure drop

Partial pressure driven processes

Plastic processing technologies pressure forming

Polyethylene High-Pressure Tubular Process

Polyethylene bulk/high-pressure process

Polyethylene high-pressure process

Polymerization processes high pressure

Pressure Compaction Processes

Pressure Loads on Duct Wall for DDT Processes

Pressure Relief Device Process Specification

Pressure dependence, mechanism process

Pressure driven processes

Pressure filtration, 222 process

Pressure gradient process

Pressure hydrogen processing

Pressure industrial gasification processes operated

Pressure jump processes investigated

Pressure polymerisation processes

Pressure process equipment

Pressure processing categories

Pressure reversible/irreversible processes

Pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purifying processes

Pressure swing adsorption process

Pressure swing adsorption single column process

Pressure transport processes

Pressure-driven membrane filtration processes

Pressure-driven membrane process

Pressure-swing adsorption Skarstrom process

Pressure-swing adsorption process for gas separation

Pressure-swing adsorption process scaling

Pressure-swing processes

Pressures processing

Pressures processing

Pressurized fluids, coupled processing

Pressurized water reactors liquid waste processing

Pressurized water reactors solid waste processing

Pressurized, pyrolytic steam process

Process Parameters (Temperature, Pressure, Throughput)

Process characteristics pressurized

Process constant-pressure

Process control, automatic pressure

Process design differential pressures

Process diagrams instrumentation symbols for pressure

Process evaluation high-pressure equipment

Process hazards High Pressure

Process hazards pressure

Process high-pressure optical sensor

Process monitoring/control technologies pressure

Process of synthesis at isotonic pressure

Process parameters pressure dependence

Process pressure measurement

Process steam pressure

Process synthesis pressure change

Process-side heat transfer and pressure drop

Processes at constant pressure

Processes at elevated pressure

Processes under Microwave Irradiation, High Pressure, and in Water

Processing, thermoplastics clamping pressure

Processing, thermoplastics hydraulic pressure

Processing, thermoplastics injection pressure

Processing, thermoplastics pressure generation

Processing, thermoplastics pressure profile

Production processes high pressure

Production processes medium pressure

Reactor pressure vessel design process

Reactor pressure vessel welding process

Separation nozzle process pressures

Skill 4.1d-Explain how factors such as temperature, pressure, and surface area affect the dissolving process

Solid Phase Pressure Forming Process

Solid lied process pressures

Start temperatures of the cracking process at different pressures

Static high-pressure processing

Supercritical high-pressure column processes

Temperature-pressure-time processing cycle

The use of coatings to prevent corrosion in process vessels operating at elevated temperatures and pressures

Ultra-high-pressure processing

Vacuum-pressure process

Variable pressure process

Vessels, process pressure

When High-Pressure and Catalytic Processes Became the Frontier

Wood pressure process

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