Ultra-high-pressure processing

Butz, R, Koller, W.D., Tauscher, B., and Wolf, S. Ultra-high pressure processing of onions chemical and sensory changes, Lebensm Wiss u Technol, 27, 463, 1994. 

Farkas, D.F. Novel Processes - Ultra High Pressure Processing. In Food Protection Technology Felix, C.W., Ed. Lewis Pub., Inc. Chelsea, Michigan, 1987. 

As discussed in Chapter 2, The Toller Selection Process, evaluating the site s safe work practice procedures should have been a part of the review during the toller selection process. Still, new materials may indicate a need to revise or develop special procedures to address unique chemical and physical hazards. New hazards such as vacuum, ciyogenics, ultra-high pressure, or new rotating equipment could be introduced. Medical monitoring requirements or special handling and spill response procedures for the toll s raw materials and products may indicate a need to write or revise safe work practices. 

This method (ultra-high pressure treatment UHP) for the aseptic processing of food stuffs and other organic products still appears to be some way from extended application. 

Gebauer, D. (1996) A P-T-t path for an (ultra -)high pressure ultramafic/mafic rock association and its felsic country rocks based on SHRIMP dating of magmatic and metamorphic zircon domains. Example Alpe Arami (Central Swiss Alps). Earth Processes Reading the Isotopic Code. Geophysical Monograph 95, 307 -329. 

Several recent reviews have discussed the fundaments and applications of PI concepts. Doble [16] has discussed the concept of a green reactor, for example, how process intensification could be achieved by microreactor technology using very high forces, ultra-high pressures, electrical fields, ultrasonics, surfactant-based separations, shorter diffusion and conduction pathways, flow field and fluid microstmcture interactions, and/or size-dependent phenomena. 

Hinrichs, J., Rademacher, B., and Kessler, H.G. Food processing of milk products with ultra high pressure. Heat Treatments and Alternative Methods, IDF Doc 9602, pp. 185,1996. 

It was recently discovered that ultra-high-pressure metamorphic complexes in northeast China contain mafic metamorphic rocks—plausibly deeply subducted basalts— with some of the lowest 5 0 values ever observed in terrestrial rocks (down to -10 %o Yui et al. 1995). These values can be interpreted as a result of high-temperature hydrothermal alteration by low-5 0, perhaps high-latitude, meteoric waters before subduction. In this case, these 5 0 values are an historical accident unrelated to the extreme tectonic processes the rocks subsequently underwent and are likely not representative of recycled crustal materials. 

Hayakawa, I. Food Processing by Ultra High Pressure Twin Screw Extrusion. Technomic Publ. Co., Lancaster, PA,1992. 

So far, we have witnessed in the context of self-assembly that molecular and supramolecular structures can be constructed from the appropriate components, provided that we build into them the required geometries in order to favour the self-assembly process. But what happens if we relax the initial degree of preorgansation to its bare minimum When the reaction between five "molecules" - two of BP, two of BBB, and one BPP34C10 - was performed (Scheme 4) in dimethylformamide at room temperature, the [2]catenane was isolated in 18% yield. When a similar mixture was subjected to ultra-high pressure (12 kbar), the isolated yield rose to a staggering 42%. 

Ludikhuyze L, Van Loey A, Indrawati, Hendrickx M. 2002. High pressure processing of fruit and vegetables. In Hendrickx M, Knorr D (editors). Ultra High Pressure Treatments of Foods. New York Kluwer Academic, pp. 168-171. 

Two commercial processes that use high-pressure water jets to produce rubber crumb from waste rubber products are now reviewed. The Big Tyre Recycling Corporation (BTRC) situated in Gent, Belgium, has developed an ultra-high-pressure (UHP) water jetting... 

Preparation process and microstructure investigation of the novel C/C-ZrB -ZrC-SiC have been reported in the previous chapter The composite contained a 2D carbon fiber non-woven architecture with fiber volume fraction of 17.6%, with pyrolytic carbon deposited on carbon fiber by CVI as interphase with a volume fraction of 22.3%. The obtained porous C/C composite exhibited a bulk density of 0.68g/cm, 50 vol% ZrB2-ZrC-SiC matrix and 9.6 vol% open porosity. The homogeneous dispersed ZrB2-ZrC-SiC complex ceramic matrix was formed inside this porous C/C composites by PIP technique using a blending ZrB -ZrC-SiC pre-ceramic polymeric precursors solution in xylene. The finial bulk density of the fabricated composite is 2.06 g/cm (details were reported in Part 1) after 16 PIP cycles. Finther densi-fication was difficult because of limitation of low residual porosity and ceramic yields from these precursors. PIP under ultra high pressure may further decrease the residual porosity of the composite but this was not conducted in this study due to the lack of this device. 

A more recent development in ethylene polymerization is the simplified low pressure LDPE process. The pressure range is 0.7—2.1 MPa with temperatures less than 100°C. The reaction takes place in the gas phase instead of Hquid phase as in the conventional LDPE technology. These new technologies demand ultra high purity ethylene. 

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