Polymerization, cotton fabric

Aniline black (Cl Oxidation Base 1) is a complex polymeric phenazine that can be produced on cotton fabric by impregnation with aniline hydrochloride and suitable inorganic oxidants, such as sodium chlorate, ammonium vanadate and copper hexacyanoferrate(II). Aniline black is also made directly for use as a pigment (Cl Pigment Black 1). 

Kamogawa, and Sekiya (54) studied the graft polymerization of acrylamide onto cotton fabric using ceric ammonium nitrate as the catalyst. Similarly to Kulkarni et al. (35) the authors performed subsequent cross-linking with formaldehyde amd methylol compounds. From precipitation studies by acidification of cuprammonium solutions on mixtures of polyacrylamide and cellulose on the one hand and polyacrylamide-cellulose grafts on the other the authors conclude that chemical bonds must exist between the two polymers in the grafted product. 

Kamogawa, H., and T. Sekiya Graft polymerization of acrylamide onto cotton fabric for further treatments. Textile Res. J. 31, 585 (1961). 

The discovery of CNTs gives new direction for the use of CNTs in polymeric materials to improve several properties, including UV protection. Mondal et al. have coated the cotton fabrics with... 

Dimethyldichlorosilane. Because dimethyldichlorosilane has been polymerized to a silicone polymer on cotton fabrics to impart stain and water resistance and can be applied as a vapor, this agent was examined as a possible consolidant. This treatment also improves fabric hand, resistance to chemicals and weathering, resistance to abrasion (by reducing friction), and reduces the tensile strength loss when resin finishes are applied all factors that should make the material a desirable and effective consolidant. The reactions involved are as follows ... 

Ammonium zirconyl carbonate, (NH4)3[ZrOH(COj)3] 2H2O is a constituent of flame-retarding systems used for cotton fabrics designed for outdoor use, such as tenting. It is also employed as a water repellent in floor polishes and paper coatings, for the production of zirconium oxide films and as an adhesive in lithography. The anion has a polymeric, hydroxide-bridged structure (5). 

Phosphine is used as an insecticide for the fumigation of grains, animal feed, and leaf-stored tobacco, and as a rodenticide. Phosphine is also used as an intermediate in the synthesis of flame retardants for cotton fabrics, as a doping agent for -type semiconductors, as a polymerization initiator, and as a condensation catalyst. Phosphine is used in the semiconductor industry to introduce phosphorus into silicon crystals. 

MAJOR USES Insecticide for grain fumigation, animal feeds and tobacco rodenticide doping agent for n-type semiconductors polymerization inhibitor condensation catalyst synthesis of flame retardants for cotton fabrics. 

Previous research aimed at removing pesticide residues from contaminated fabrics has been directed at removal of a particular pesticide chemical and/or formulation of pesticide, with no effect toward comparing the pesticide residue s composition to that of common soil. Fabric selection for this study allowed a comparison of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic fibers and the effect of fabric type on soil removal. Two fabrics were identified for the study. Denim was 100% cotton fabric of twill weave dyed with indigo dyes. This fabric was 14 ounce, comparable to the heavy weight denim found in jeans. The second fabric was Gore Tex, a three layer structure consisting of an outer layer of rip-stop nylon and an inner layer of nylon tricot laminated to a film. The film was a micro-porous, polymeric film or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Previous studies on pesticide penetration found Gore Tex to be impermeable to pesticides. Thermal comfort studies found it to be relatively comfortable, similar In comfort to the commonly worn denim jeans and a chambray shirt. 

The use of polymeric ammonium salts and a sulfonic acid salt of sodium is an easy and efficient way of coating fabrics furthermore, employing the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique can broaden the application of N-halamine biocides in other polar substances for use as antimicrobial coatings. Branched PEI, polypropylene (PP) and styrene maleic anhydride copolymers are a very good coating for food packaging materials, possibly due to the presence of both cationic- and N-halamine-forming structures. N-halamine cationic antimicrobial polymers based on (acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride, PDDA chloride and poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt) have been synthesised and coated onto cotton fabrics via an LbL deposition technique. 

Ozdogan, E., Saber, R., Ayhan, H., Seventekin, N., 2002. A new approach for dyeability of cotton fabrics by different plasma polymerization methods. Color. Technol. 118 (3), 100-103. 

Uses Phase transfer catalyst polymerization catalyst chemical intermediate flame-retarding agent for cotton fabrics Manuf./Distrib. Aldrich http //www.sigma-aldrich.com, Cytec Ind. http //www.cytec.com, FI uka http //www.sigma-aldrich. com, Rhodia/Phosphorus Perf. Derivs. http //www.rhodia-ppd.com. Sigma Trade Name Synonyms Pyroset TKC [Cytec Ind. http //www.cytec.com], Retardol C t[Rhodia/Phosphorus Perf. Derivs. http //www. rhodia-ppd. com]... 

This dependence on modification is not new. Indeed, while the use of stone and clay pottery is a use of polymeric silicates, cooked meat is denatured polymeric protein, and wool or cotton fabric are woven polymers, the first commercial polymer that was not just gathered and processed from nature was a modified cellulose, gun cotton. 

She is actively engaged in research involving modification of polymers both natural and synthetic through graft copolymerization and utilizing them in various processes. Modification of polymeric films for use as membranes in separation processes, modification of cotton fabric to induce antibacterial and flame retarding... 

Sometimes dye damage is a first step to fabric damage, as a reactive intermediate in this process may be able to interact with polymeric cotton molecules, resulting in a weakening of the fiber. On a molecular level, the cellulose units are oxidized to form carbonyl compounds, and carbon-carbon bonds are broken. Under the stress conditions of the washing process, the fiber then will tear and the garment is irreversibly damaged. 

J. Maity, P. Kothary, E.A. O Rear, C. Jacob, Preparation and comparison of hydrophobic cotton fabric obtained by direct fluorination and admicellar polymerization of fluoromono-mers, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 49 (13) (2010) 6075-6079. 

For most textile uses, a DS <1 is desirable. Cyanoethylation can impart a wide variety of properties to the cotton fabric, such as rot resistance, heat and acid resistance, and receptivity to acid and acetate dyes. Acrylonitrile and acrylonitrile polymers (qv) has also been radiation-pol5unerized onto cotton with a °Co source. Microscopical examination of ultrathin sections of the product shows that the location of the polymer is within the fiber (120). Examination of the ir spectrum of cotton-containing polymerized acrylonitrile indicates that grafliing occurs at the hydroxyl site of the cellulose (121). Another monomer grafted onto cellulose by irradiation is styrene polymers (qv). Chemical properties, mechanisms, and textile properties of these grafted poisoners of cellulose have been summarized... 

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