Textiles properties

Graft and block copolymers of cotton cellulose, in fiber, yam, and fabric forms, were prepared by free-radical initiated copolymerization reactions of vinyl monomers with cellulose. The properties of the fibrous cellulose-polyvinyl copolymers were evaluated by solubility, ESR, and infrared spectroscopy, light, electron, and scanning electron microscopy, fractional separation, thermal analysis, and physical properties, including textile properties. Generally, the textile properties of the fibrous copolymers were improved as compared with the properties of cotton products. 

Their inexpensive production from petrochemical raw materials and excellent textile properties alone and in combination with natural fibers guarantee PES fibers universal applicability. Beside technical applications, uses include clothing, especially mixed with wool for suiting and trouser materials and mixed with cotton for shirts, raincoats, trousers, and casual wear. Pure PES fibers, especially in textured form, are employed in the knitwear sector. Polyester has found a wide field of application in the microfiber sector. 

Miller, E. (1992). Textiles Properties and Behaviour in Clothing Use. London B. T. Batsford. 

Once promising resins have been identified, application procedures must be optimized. Such factors as add-on, composition of any mixtures method of application, drying and curing procedure, and the placement of the resin on the appropriate sites in the object must be arranged to give the best possible combination of textile properties. 

Native cotton is nearly pure cellulose the approximately 6% of minor constituents are usually removed during preparation for wet processing. The chemistry of cotton is therefore the chemistry of cellulose, but the effects of chemical changes on its textile properties depend on its supramolecular structure as well as on the nature of the changes themselves. The term degradation has been used in more than one sense. Originally, it implied a loss of tensile strength... 

Particularities Very effective because dehydration and carbonisation decrease the formation of burnable volatiles Fixation with binder changes textile properties such as handle and drape, preferably for back coating, for example of furnishing fabrics and carpets... 

Suitable for all aggregate states, fewer restrictions on the amount and polarity, but the binder film with the micro bubbles changes textile properties like softness, wetting, air and vapour permeability... 

Ihe contrast between textile properties of cotton fabric finished predominantly with polyner iza tion and with crosslinking is shown in Table III (48). 

Cationic fabric softeners are practically nontoxic by oral or dermal administration [3], Consumers with sensitive skin may suspect softener-treated fabrics to possibly cause adverse effects. Textiles in contact with the skin can have dermatological effects such as allergic reactions and irritations. Skin irritation, however, depends on many parameters such as textile properties, skin sensitivity, and conditions of exposure (e.g., duration, perspiration, and environmental conditions such as climate) [80],... 

As manufactured, PET is a relatively weak, amorphous (non-crystalline) polymer which has to be crystallised and orientated by stretching to give it its textile properties. Orientation is carried out during the spinning operation. Equally important nowadays is the use of PET as a replacement for glass in soft drink bottles. Although more expensive than the polyolefins or PVC, it has a distinctive appearance and can be readily separated from a waste stream. Its recovery for recycling will be discussed in Chapter 4. 

Other properties also play a role, for instance, the color of the outer material affects the reflection of solar radiation and light colors are thus beneficial in the full sun to reduce heat stress. Textile properties like wicking capacity affect the dispersion of sweat through a garment. It is generally preferred to evaporate the sweat immediately from a thermal standpoint. Storage of sweat m textiles is not desirable. 

The core-sheath (c-s) configuration is adaptable because many different polymers may be applied as a sheath over a solid polyester core, thus giving a variety of modified surface properties while maintaining all the major fiber and textile properties of PET. An early patent by Shima and coworkers uses an eccentric core-sheath configuration to achieve spiral crimp in a yarn [67]. A recent patent by Chang and coworkers discloses the use of side-side or eccentric c-s bicomponent fibers to achieve a self-crimping yarn made from polytrimethylene terephthalate, where one component is a melt-blend of PTT with a small amount of polystyrene [68]. 

In the mature fiber, cuticle cells essentially perform a protective function however, they also play an important role in controlling the ingress of water and other chemical substances [16,41]. Hence a detailed understanding of the cuticle strueture and reactivity is essential to provide a basis for improving many of the textile properties of wool and other fibers. The nature of the fiber cuticle surface in particular is a high priority of current research activities. 

Chem. Descrip. Proprietary emulsion Uses Used in floor finishes, general coatings, and textiles Properties Dens. 8.35 Ib/gal pH 9.0-10.0 nonionic 39.5-40.5% solids Esi-Cryl 267 [Cook Composites Polymers]... 

Chem. Descrip. Polyethylene emulsion CAS 9002-884 EINECS/ELINCS 200515-3 Uses PE for floor finishes, general coatings, textiles Properties Dens. 8.3 Ib/gal drop pt. 110 C pH 8.5-9.5 nonkmic 37.0-38.0% solids... 

Uses Wetting agent tor latex paints, adhesives, and textiles Properties Anionic 75% act. 

Chem. Descrip. 2-Tetradecyl-1-octadecanol, 2-tetradecyl-1-eicosanol, 2-hexadecyl-1 -octadecanol, 2-hexadecyl-1 -eicosanol Uses For use in industries such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, detergents, lubricants, emulsifiers, soivs., rubber, plastics, polymers, metal processing, paper coating, and textiles Properties APHA400 max. liq. m.w. 490 sp.gr. 0.820 m.p. 38-42 C b.p. 

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